ArticleBiofabrication2012
Rapid 3D printing of anatomically accurate and mechanically heterogeneous aortic valve hydrogel scaffolds.
Article in Biofabrication, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterials in 3D Bioprinting: Materials, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Scaffold-Based and Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Amniotic Membrane-Derived Factors in Immunomodulation and Regenerative Medicine: Current Evidence and Emerging Perspectives in Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Time and architecture: the next two dimensions of microphysiological systems.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Integrating Bioprinting and Increased Throughput: Next-Generation Models for Cardiac Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering: Printing Techniques, Biomaterials, Challenges, and the Emerging Role of 4D Bioprinting.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A review of 3D bioprinting for organoids.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Preclinical Evaluation and Advancements in Vascularized Bone Tissue Engineering.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Harnessing native blueprints for designing bioinks to bioprint functional cardiac tissue.iScience · 2025Review
- Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate Adapted Photopolymerization Material for Contact Lens with Improved Elastic Modulus Properties.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a 3D printed liquid-core hydrogel platform for real-time carbon nanotube sensors.Emergent materials · 2025Article
- Light-based 3D bioprinting techniques for illuminating the advances of vascular tissue engineering.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Progress in Organ Bioprinting for Regenerative Medicine.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Hydrogel-Based 3D Bioprinting and Its Potential Application in the Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- 3D Bioprinting Strategies for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Advancing cardiac regeneration through 3D bioprinting: methods, applications, and future directions.Heart failure reviews · 2024Review
- Aortic Valve Engineering Advancements: Precision Tuning with Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing of TPU/TPE Submillimeter Membranes.Polymers · 2024Article
- Evolution of Hybrid Hydrogels: Next-Generation Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Multiscale embedded printing of engineered human tissue and organ equivalents.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Progress in bioprinting technology for tissue regeneration.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2023Review
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The aortic valve exhibits complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and heterogeneity essential for the long-term efficient biomechanical function. These are, however, challenging to mimic in de novo engineered living tissue valve strategies. We present a novel simultaneous 3D printing/photocrosslinking technique for rapidly engineering complex, heterogeneous aortic valve scaffolds. Native anatomic and axisymmetric aortic valve geometries (root wall and tri-leaflets) with 12-22 mm inner diameters (ID) were 3D printed with poly-ethylene glycol-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogels (700 or 8000 MW) supplemented with alginate. 3D printing geometric accuracy was quantified and compared using Micro-CT. Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (PAVIC) seeded scaffolds were cultured for up to 21 days. Results showed that blended PEG-DA scaffolds could achieve over tenfold range in elastic modulus (5.3±0.9 to 74.6±1.5 kPa). 3D printing times for valve conduits with mechanically contrasting hydrogels were optimized to 14 to 45 min, increasing linearly with conduit diameter. Larger printed valves had greater shape fidelity (93.3±2.6, 85.1±2.0 and 73.3±5.2% for 22, 17 and 12 mm ID porcine valves; 89.1±4.0, 84.1±5.6 and 66.6±5.2% for simplified valves). PAVIC seeded scaffolds maintained near 100% viability over 21 days. These results demonstrate that 3D hydrogel printing with controlled photocrosslinking can rapidly fabricate anatomical heterogeneous valve conduits that support cell engraftment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.