Trial reportPediatric research2012
Effect of inborn vs. outborn delivery on neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: secondary analyses of the NICHD whole-body cooling trial.
Trial report in Pediatric research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Trial
- Clinical and environmental risk factors for childhood developmental disabilities: A narrative review (1990-2025).World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Hemodynamics in infants with hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy: pathophysiology and beyond.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Implementation of active therapeutic hypothermia across a regional transport network for infants transferred for neonatal encephalopathy.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Differences in Management of Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) by Level of Neonatal Care Provided at Birth: Insights from a Referral-Based Cohort in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of low hospital birth volume and adverse short-term outcomes for neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia in rural states.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Impact of teleneonatology on time to goal temperature in outborn neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy requiring therapeutic hypothermia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Observational
- Timing of initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy born at a high-volume urban safety net hospital.Early human development · 2025Article
- Validation of a machine learning algorithm for identifying infants at risk of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in a large unseen data set.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Article
- Epigenetic associations with neonatal age in infants born very preterm, particularly among genes involved in neurodevelopment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Epigenetic associations in HPA axis genes related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and antenatal steroids.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Evaluating the feasibility of a multicenter teleneonatology clinical effectiveness trial.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Assessment of neonatal referral infrastructure and clinical characteristics of referred neonates in three first referral hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya.Wellcome open research · 2023Article
- Impact of outreach education program on outcomes of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Paediatrics & child health · 2021Article
- Serious neonatal morbidities are associated with differences in DNA methylation among very preterm infants.Clinical epigenetics · 2020Article
- Prevention of excessive hypothermia in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy prior to admission to a quaternary care center: a neonatal outreach educational project.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019Article
- Therapeutic Hypothermia: How Can We Optimize This Therapy to Further Improve Outcomes?Clinics in perinatology · 2018Review
- Observational
- Hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: NICHD Neonatal Research Network contribution to the field.Seminars in perinatology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of birth location on hypothermia-related outcomes has not been rigorously examined in the literature. In this study, we determined whether birth location had an impact on the benefits of whole-body cooling to 33.5 °C for 72 h in term infants (n = 208) with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who participated in the Neonatal Research Network (NRN) randomized controlled trial.
methodsHeterogeneity by birth location was examined with respect to cooling treatment for the 18-mo primary outcomes (death, moderate disability, severe disability) and secondary outcomes (death, components of disability), and in-hospital organ dysfunction. Logistic regression models were used to generate adjusted odds ratios.
resultsInfants born at a location other than an NRN center (outborn) (n = 93) experienced significant delays in initiation of therapy (mean (SD): 5.5 (1.1) vs. 4.4 (1.2) h), lower baseline temperatures (36.6 (1.2) vs. 37.1 (0.9) °C), and more severe HIE (43 vs. 29%) than infants born in an NRN center (inborn) (n = 115). Maternal education <12 y (50 vs. 14%) and African-American ethnicity (43 vs. 25%) were more common in the inborn group. When adjusted for NRN center and HIE severity, there were no significant differences in 18-mo outcomes or in-hospital organ dysfunction between inborn and outborn infants.
conclusionAlthough limited by sample size and some differences in baseline characteristics, the study showed that birth location does not appear to modify the treatment effect of hypothermia after HIE.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.