Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22913491›Full record

ArticleDevelopment, growth & differentiation2012

Retrotransposon long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is activated during salamander limb regeneration.

Wei Zhu, Dwight Kuo, Jason Nathanson, Akira Satoh, Gerald M Pao, Gene W Yeo, Susan V Bryant, S Randal Voss, David M Gardiner, Tony Hunter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development, growth & differentiation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Sea CucumberResearch square · 2026
    Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and remodeling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Transposon control as a checkpoint for tissue regeneration.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Regeneration in Echinoderms: Molecular Advancements.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wei ZhuMolecular and Cell Biology Laboratory and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Dwight Kuo
Jason Nathanson
Akira Satoh
Gerald M Pao
Gene W Yeo
Susan V Bryant
S Randal Voss
David M Gardiner
Tony Hunter

Funding

Viral Vector Core (VVC)P30CA014195 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI Ye Zheng · 1985 to 2026
$82.8M
SOMATIC CELL CYCLE REGULATION BY PHOSPHORYLATIONR01CA080100 · NCI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI HUNTER, TONY R. · 1999 to 2018
$13.1M
Research Resources for Model AmphibiansR24OD010435 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI SMITH, JERAMIAH JAMES, VOSS, STEPHEN RANDAL · 2012 to 2025
$5.7M
GENOME RESOURCES FOR MODEL AMPHIBIANSR24RR016344 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI VOSS, STEPHEN RANDAL · 2002 to 2011
$3.5M
Defining the messenger RNP code in the brainR01NS075449 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI YEO, EUGENE WEI-MING · 2012 to 2016
$3.0M
NCI NIH HHS CA14195NCI NIH HHS CA80100NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014195NCI NIH HHS R01 CA080100NCRR NIH HHS R24 RR016344NIH HHS R24 OD010435NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075449
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salamanders possess an extraordinary capacity for tissue and organ regeneration when compared to mammals. In our effort to characterize the unique transcriptional fingerprint emerging during the early phase of salamander limb regeneration, we identified transcriptional activation of some germline-specific genes within the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) that is indicative of cellular reprogramming of differentiated cells into a germline-like state. In this work, we focus on one of these genes, the long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon, which is usually active in germ cells and silent in most of the somatic tissues in other organisms. LINE-1 was found to be dramatically upregulated during regeneration. In addition, higher genomic LINE-1 content was also detected in the limb regenerate when compared to that before amputation indicating that LINE-1 retrotransposition is indeed active during regeneration. Active LINE-1 retrotransposition has been suggested to have a potentially deleterious impact on genomic integrity. Silencing of activated LINE-1 by small RNAs has been reported to be part of the machinery aiming to maintain genomic integrity. Indeed, we were able to identify putative LINE-1-related piRNAs in the limb blastema. Transposable element-related piRNAs have been identified frequently in the germline in other organisms. Thus, we present here a scenario in which a unique germline-like state is established during axolotl limb regeneration, and the re-activation of LINE-1 may serve as a marker for cellular dedifferentiation in the early-stage of limb regeneration.

Indexed as

HindlimbAmbystoma mexicanumAnimalsGene Expression RegulationLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsRegeneration

Identifiers

PMID22913491
PMCPMC3529008

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.