Trial reportJournal of cardiovascular electrophysiology2013
Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the MADIT-CRT trial.
Trial report in Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic Evaluations in Electrophysiology in the Last 15 Years: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Regression methods for cost-effectiveness analysis with different censoring times or terminating events for survival time and costs.Biometrics · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of an implantable cardiac defibrillator compared with pharmaceutical therapy in patients hospitalized with arrhythmia in Iran.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Article
- Left bundle branch pacing cardiac resynchronization therapyWorld journal of cardiology · 2025Article
- Net-benefit regression with censored cost-effectiveness data from randomized or observational studies.Statistics in medicine · 2022Article
- Fifteen-Year Differences in Indications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in International Guidelines-Insights from the Heart Failure Registries of the European Society of Cardiology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Recent temporal trends in hospital costs for non-surgical patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy plus an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with heart failure: a systematic review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2021Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of an Antibacterial Envelope for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection Prevention in the US Healthcare System From the WRAP-IT Trial.Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2020Article
- Review
- Cost-utility analysis of an implantable cardioverterdefibrillator for the treatment of patients with ischemic or non-ischemic New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure in ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2019Article
- Quality of life measured with EuroQol-five dimensions questionnaire predicts long-term mortality, response, and reverse remodelling in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2018Observational
- Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardiac devices in patients with systolic heart failure.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2016Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Adding Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy to an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Among Patients With Mild Heart Failure.Annals of internal medicine · 2015Article
- The mismatch between patient life expectancy and the service life of implantable devices in current cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: a call for larger device batteries.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2015Article
- Contemporary strategies in the diagnosis and management of heart failure.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2014Review
- Critical appraisal of costly therapy modalities for heart failure in a developing country.Current heart failure reports · 2013Review
- Cost and health care utilization in ARDS--different from other critical illness?Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2013Review
- Estimating incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and their confidence intervals with different terminating events for survival time and costs.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2013Article
- Modelling the cost effectiveness of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis: issues to consider.PharmacoEconomics · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) trial demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when added to the implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) reduces risk of heart failure or death in minimally symptomatic patients with reduced cardiac ejection fraction and wide QRS complex.
objectivesTo evaluate 4-year cost-effectiveness of CRT-ICD compared to ICD alone using MADIT-CRT data. RESEARCH
designPatients enrolled in the trial were randomized to implantation of either ICD or CRT-ICD in a 2:3 ratio, with up to 4-year follow-up period. Cost-effectiveness analyses were conducted, and sensitivity analyses by age, gender, and left bundle branch block (LBBB) conduction pattern were performed. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,271 patients with ICD or CRT-ICD (US centers only) who reported healthcare utilization and health-related quality of life data. MEASURES: We used the EQ-5D (US weights) to assess patient HRQOL and translated utilization data to costs using national Medicare reimbursement rates.
resultsAverage 4-year healthcare expenditures in CRT-ICD patients were higher than costs of ICD patients ($62,600 vs 57,050, P = 0.015), mainly due to the device and implant-related costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of CRT-ICD compared to ICD was $58,330/quality-adjusted life years (QALY) saved. The cost effectiveness improved with longer time horizon and for the LBBB subgroup ($7,320/QALY), with no cost-effectiveness benefit being evident in the non-LBBB group.
conclusionsIn minimally symptomatic patients with low ejection fraction and LBBB, CRT-ICD is cost effective within 4-year horizon when compared to ICD-only.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.