SynthesisPloS one2012
Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis: revisit with a clinical perspective.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Current Perspective of Two of the Most Aggressive Head and Neck Cancers: Pharyngeal and Laryngeal.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Health effects associated with chewing tobacco: a Burden of Proof study.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic Biomarkers in Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2017Pooled it
- Association of IL-8-251A>T polymorphisms with oral cancer risk: evidences from a meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Genetic susceptibility and gene-environment interactions in gastric cancer among ethnic populations of Northeast India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Risk factors for sialocele after parotidectomy.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Targeting monoamine oxidases for the treatment of betel quid dependence: a potential pharmacological and neurobiological approach.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Development of a second primary tumor during maintenance immunotherapy in metastatic gingival squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- APOBEC3B/ASF1B-TGF-β signaling axis promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism ofJournal of Cancer · 2026Article
- The Potential Association Between Betel Nut Consumption and Apical Periodontitis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Clinical and Pathophysiological Significance of Trace Elements in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer: A 20-Year Narrative Review for Evidence-Based Public Health Intervention.International journal of dentistry · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in areca nut-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma: the interplay of chronic inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of oral squamous cell carcinoma at buccal and gingivobuccal sulcus sites: multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2025Article
- Palau: Non-Communicable Disease Off-Island Treatment Referrals 2020-2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Areca Nut (kwai) Use among Employees of a Tertiary Health Care Institution in North-East India.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Choosing the proper animal model for oral submucous fibrosis research: considerations and challenges.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Dual Targeting of Inflammatory and Immune Checkpoint Pathways to Overcome Radiotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Mutational insights andFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Betel nut (BN), betel quid (BQ) and products derived from them are widely used as a socially endorsed masticatory product. The addictive nature of BN/BQ has resulted in its widespread usage making it the fourth most abused substance by humans. Progressively, several additives, including chewing tobacco, got added to simple BN preparations. This addictive practice has been shown to have strong etiological correlation with human susceptibility to cancer, particularly oral and oropharyngeal cancers.The PUBMED database was searched to retrieve all relevant published studies in English on BN and BQ, and its association with oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Only complete studies directly dealing with BN/BQ induced carcinogenesis using statistically valid and acceptable sample size were analyzed. Additional relevant information available from other sources was also considered.This systematic review attempts to put in perspective the consequences of this widespread habit of BN/BQ mastication, practiced by approximately 10% of the world population, on oral cancer with a clinical perspective. BN/BQ mastication seems to be significantly associated with susceptibility to oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Addition of tobacco to BN has been found to only marginally increase the cancer risk. Despite the widespread usage of BN/BQ and its strong association with human susceptibility to cancer, no serious strategy seems to exist to control this habit. The review, therefore, also looks at various preventive efforts being made by governments and highlights the multifaceted intervention strategies required to mitigate and/or control the habit of BN/BQ mastication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.