ArticleArchives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine2012
Costs and effectiveness of neonatal male circumcision.
Article in Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Does the evidence support circumcision of infant males in the United Kingdom?-a systematic review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
- Neonatal Male Circumcision: Clearly Beneficial for Public Health or an Ethical Dilemma? A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association's guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Article
- Evidence-based circumcision policy for Australia.Journal of men's health · 2022Article
- Decline in Frequency of Newborn Male Circumcision After Change in Medicaid Coverage Status in Selected States in the United States.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2021Article
- Pediatric Circumcision in the 21st Century National Health Service: A Snapshot of Practice in a United Kingdom Center.Surgery journal (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version).Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
- CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure.Global health, science and practice · 2017Article
- Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2017Article
- Non-therapeutic infant male circumcision. Evidence, ethics, and international law perspectives.Saudi medical journal · 2016Review
- Voluntary medical male circumcision in resource-constrained settings.Nature reviews. Urology · 2015Review
- Male circumcision for protection against HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: the evidence in favour justifies the implementation now in progress.Global public health · 2015Article
- In developed countries male circumcision prevalence is inversely related to HIV prevalence.Israel journal of health policy research · 2015Article
- Male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilized method for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.Annual review of medicine · 2014Review
- Recommendation by a law body to ban infant male circumcision has serious worldwide implications for pediatric practice and human rights.BMC pediatrics · 2013Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and male circumcision: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ISRN urology · 2013Article
- Male circumcision: integrating tradition and medical evidence.The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ · 2013Article
- Doctors back circumcision.Nature · 2012Article
- Should male circumcision be advocated for genital cancer prevention?Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the expected change in the prevalence of male circumcision (MC)-reduced infections and resulting health care costs associated with continued decreases in MC rates. During the past 20 years, MC rates have declined from 79% to 55%, alongside reduced insurance coverage.
designWe used Markov-based Monte Carlo simulations to track men and women throughout their lifetimes as they experienced MC procedure-related events and MC-reduced infections and accumulated associated costs. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the impact of uncertainty.
settingUnited States.
participantsBirth cohort of men and women.
interventionDecreased MC rates (10% reflects the MC rate in Europe, where insurance coverage is limited). OUTCOMES MEASURED: Lifetime direct medical cost (2011 US$) and prevalence of MC-reduced infections.
resultsReducing the MC rate to 10% will increase lifetime health care costs by $407 per male and $43 per female. Net expenditure per annual birth cohort (including procedure and complication costs) is expected to increase by $505 million, reflecting an increase of $313 per forgone MC. Over 10 annual cohorts, net present value of additional costs would exceed $4.4 billion. Lifetime prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among males is expected to increase by 12.2% (4843 cases), high- and low-risk human papillomavirus by 29.1% (57 124 cases), herpes simplex virus type 2 by 19.8% (124 767 cases), and infant urinary tract infections by 211.8% (26 876 cases). Among females, lifetime prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is expected to increase by 51.2% (538 865 cases), trichomoniasis by 51.2% (64 585 cases), high-risk human papillomavirus by 18.3% (33 148 cases), and low-risk human papillomavirus by 12.9% (25 837 cases). Increased prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among males represents 78.9% of increased expenses.
conclusionContinued decreases in MC rates are associated with increased infection prevalence, thereby increasing medical expenditures for men and women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.