ArticleNucleic acids research2012
Simplification of the genetic code: restricted diversity of genetically encoded amino acids.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete assembly of Onobrychis viciifolia mitochondrial genome reveals evolutionary dynamics.Planta · 2026Article
- Development of an expression-tunable multiple protein synthesis system in cell-free reactions using T7-promoter-variant series.Synthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Horizontal transfer of code fragments between protocells can explain the origins of the genetic code without vertical descent.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Overcoming Challenges in Engineering the Genetic Code.Journal of molecular biology · 2016Review
- Ancient DNA sequence revealed by error-correcting codes.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- The case for an early biological origin of DNA.Journal of molecular evolution · 2014Article
- Experimental evolution of a green fluorescent protein composed of 19 unique amino acids without tryptophan.Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life · 2014Article
- Examination of an absolute quantity of less than a hundred nanograms of proteins by amino acid analysis.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At earlier stages in the evolution of the universal genetic code, fewer than 20 amino acids were considered to be used. Although this notion is supported by a wide range of data, the actual existence and function of the genetic codes with a limited set of canonical amino acids have not been addressed experimentally, in contrast to the successful development of the expanded codes. Here, we constructed artificial genetic codes involving a reduced alphabet. In one of the codes, a tRNAAla variant with the Trp anticodon reassigns alanine to an unassigned UGG codon in the Escherichia coli S30 cell-free translation system lacking tryptophan. We confirmed that the efficiency and accuracy of protein synthesis by this Trp-lacking code were comparable to those by the universal genetic code, by an amino acid composition analysis, green fluorescent protein fluorescence measurements and the crystal structure determination. We also showed that another code, in which UGU/UGC codons are assigned to Ser, synthesizes an active enzyme. This method will provide not only new insights into primordial genetic codes, but also an essential protein engineering tool for the assessment of the early stages of protein evolution and for the improvement of pharmaceuticals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.