ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Eilat virus, a unique alphavirus with host range restricted to insects by RNA replication.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- RNAViruses · 2026Review
- Diversity of insect-specific viruses in Culex mosquitoes from Papua New Guinea.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Alphavirus nsP3 as a multifunctional orchestrator of virus-host interplay.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A conserved in-frame stop codon acts as a multipotent defense mechanism in alphaviruses.Science advances · 2026Article
- Characterization of Culex pipiens cell lines: virus infection and RNAi response.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Chikungunya in 2025: Comprehensive Insights into Virology, Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Antiviral Therapies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Virome profiling of Culex tarsalis through small RNA-seq: A challenge of suboptimal samples.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Sindbis virus nsP3 opal codon protects viral RNA and fitness by maintaining replication spherule integrity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- γδ T Cells Mediate Protective Immunity Following Vaccination with an Insect-Based Chikungunya Fever Vaccine in Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Viral entry as a low barrier to zoonosis.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Zinc-finger PARP proteins ADP-ribosylate alphaviral proteins and are required for interferon-γ-mediated antiviral immunity.Science advances · 2025Article
- Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Insect-specific viruses: transmission dynamics and biological control strategies against arboviruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intra-host evolution of cell-fusing agent virus following acute infection inVirus evolution · 2025Article
- A safe insect-based chikungunya fever vaccine affords rapid and durable protection in cynomolgus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Viral diversity in wild and urban rodents of Yunnan Province, China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The Rac1-PAK1-Arp2/3 signaling axis regulates CHIKV nsP1-induced filopodia and optimal viral genome replication.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Synthetic recovery of Yada Yada virus expands insect-specific alphavirus knowledge and facilitates production of chimeric viruses.Npj viruses · 2024Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most alphaviruses and many other arboviruses are mosquito-borne and exhibit a broad host range, infecting many different vertebrates including birds, rodents, equids, humans, and nonhuman primates. Consequently, they can be propagated in most vertebrate and insect cell cultures. This ability of arboviruses to infect arthropods and vertebrates is usually essential for their maintenance in nature. However, several flaviviruses have recently been described that infect mosquitoes but not vertebrates, although the mechanism of their host restriction has not been determined. Here we describe a unique alphavirus, Eilat virus (EILV), isolated from a pool of Anopheles coustani mosquitoes from the Negev desert of Israel. Phylogenetic analyses placed EILV as a sister to the Western equine encephalitis antigenic complex within the main clade of mosquito-borne alphaviruses. Electron microscopy revealed that, like other alphaviruses, EILV virions were spherical, 70 nm in diameter, and budded from the plasma membrane of mosquito cells in culture. EILV readily infected a variety of insect cells with little overt cytopathic effect. However, in contrast to typical mosquito-borne alphaviruses, EILV could not infect mammalian or avian cell lines, and viral as well as RNA replication could not be detected at 37 °C or 28 °C. Evolutionarily, these findings suggest that EILV lost its ability to infect vertebrate cells. Thus, EILV seems to be mosquito-specific and represents a previously undescribed complex within the genus Alphavirus. Reverse genetic studies of EILV may facilitate the discovery of determinants of alphavirus host range that mediate disease emergence.
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