Trial reportInvestigational new drugs2013
Phase 2 study of carlumab (CNTO 888), a human monoclonal antibody against CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Trial report in Investigational new drugs, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 278 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
278 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 393 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutting edges and therapeutic opportunities on tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanisms of systemic immune modulation in tumor development: Interactions across lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Next-generation macrophage engineering in cancer therapy: From TAM reprogramming to CAR-macrophages.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Immune Regulation in Prostate Cancer: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Paradoxical Tumor-Suppressive Role of CCL2/CCR2 in Bladder Cancer: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy.Cancers · 2026Article
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Fibroblast-mediated KRAS activation in double-negative prostate cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Bioinspired oxidized mRNA lipid nanoparticles for ex vivo engineering of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages targeting solid tumors.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Progress in Designing Cytokine Antagonist Antibodies for Cancer Therapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Cancer: Functional Programs, Metastatic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targeting.Cancers · 2026Review
- Chemokine-chemokine receptor axis: Emerging immunotherapeutic paradigms for solid tumor microenvironment reprogramming.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- 3D pentaculture model unveils malignant cell-driven macrophage polarization in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Macrophages: Targets for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell · 2026Review
- Progress in perioperative immunotherapy for lung cancer and analysis of therapy (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Targeting Monocytes and Their Derivatives in Ovarian Cancer: Opportunities for Innovation in Prognosis and Therapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Prostate Cancer: Unraveling Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Oncology research · 2026Review
- The CCL2-CCR2 axis in primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastasis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunity and Beyond: Emerging Roles of Monocytes and Macrophages in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) promotes tumor growth by angiogenesis, macrophage infiltration and tumor invasion, and distant metastasis. Carlumab (CNTO 888) is a human IgG1κ mAb with high affinity and specificity for human CCL2. Preclinical data suggest carlumab may offer clinical benefit to cancer patients.
methodsIn a phase 2, open-label study, patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) previously treated with docetaxel received a 90-min infusion of 15 mg/kg carlumab q2w. The primary endpoint was response rate: change from baseline in skeletal lesions, extraskeletal lesions, and PSA values. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (CR + PR) by RECIST, OS, PSA response, safety, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity.
resultsForty-six patients were treated with 6 median (range 1, 26) doses. One patient had SD >6 months. There were no PSA or RECIST responses. Fourteen (34 %) patients had SD ≥ 3 months. Median OS was 10.2 (95 % CI: 5.2, not estimable) months. Twelve (39 %) patients reported improved pain scores. AEs occurred in 43 (93 %) patients, including 27 (59 %) with grade ≥ 3 AEs. Common grade ≥ 3 AEs were back (11 %) and bone (9 %) pain. Twenty (43 %) patients experienced SAEs, including pneumonia, spinal cord compression, back pain. No patient developed antibodies to carlumab. Steady-state serum concentrations were achieved after 3 repeated doses and were above the 10-μg/mL target concentration. Suppression of free CCL2 serum concentrations was briefly observed following each dose but was not sustained.
conclusionCarlumab was well-tolerated but did not block the CCL2/CCR2 axis or show antitumor activity as a single agent in metastatic CRPC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.