SynthesisJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2012
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease using validated risk scores: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT07039123 (Polygenic Risk Score to Optimize Primary Prevention in Intermediate Risk Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Polygenic Risk Score to Optimize Primary Prevention in Intermediate Risk Population (PERSONAL)
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Opportunities and Challenges of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction for Primary Prevention Using Machine Learning and Electronic Health Records: A Systematic Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Patient experience of NHS health checks: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- Risk scoring for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Impact of provision of cardiovascular disease risk estimates to healthcare professionals and patients: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cross-cohort insights into the association of handgrip strength transitions and burdens with cardiovascular disease risk.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Cross-cohort insights into the association of handgrip strength transitions and burdens with cardiovascular disease risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Comorbidity clusters in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of vascular plaques and high intima thickness in a group of patients with high cardiovascular risk in Cameroon.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Trajectories of cardiovascular disease risk and their association with the incidence of cardiovascular events over 18 years of follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose study.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Associations Between Systolic Interarm Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes and Mortality: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Development and Validation of a Prognostic Algorithm: The INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Cardiometabolic Modification of Amyloid Beta in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
- Effect of using cardiovascular risk scoring in routine risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2019Review
- Article
- A Mediterranean Diet to Improve Cardiovascular and Cognitive Health: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Intervention Study.Nutrients · 2017Article
- Uptake of a Consumer-Focused mHealth Application for the Assessment and Prevention of Heart Disease: The <30 Days Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2016Article
- Article
- Comparison of different vascular risk engines in the identification of type 2 diabetes patients with high cardiovascular risk.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the increased cost of treatment have prompted strategies for the primary prevention of CVD in the UK to move towards the use of validated CVD risk scores to identify individuals at the highest risk. There are no reviews evaluating the effectiveness of this strategy as a means of reducing CVD risk or mortality. This review summarizes current evidence for and against the use of validated CVD risk scores for the primary prevention of CVD.
designWe utilized an in depth search strategy to search MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane database of clinical trials, expert opinions were sought and reference lists of identified studies and relevant reviews were checked. Due to a lack of homogeneity in outcomes and risk scores used it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis of the identified studies.
settingThe majority of included trials were carried out in a primary care setting. 2 trials were carried out in North America, 2 in Scandinavia and 1 in the UK.
participants31,651 participants in total were recruited predominantly from a primary care setting. Participants were aged 18-65 years old and were free from CVD at baseline.
main outcome measuresOutcome measures used in the included studies were change in validated CVD risk score and CVD/All-cause mortality.
resultsWe identified 16 papers which matched the inclusion criteria reporting 5 unique trials. Due to a lack of homogeneity in outcomes and risk scores used it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis of the identified studies. Only one study reported a significant difference in risk score at follow up and one study reported a significant difference in total mortality, however significant differences in individual risk factors were reported by the majority of identified studies.
conclusionsThis review demonstrates the potential for multifactorial interventions aimed at individuals selected by CVD risk scores for lowering CVD risk and mortality. However, the majority of studies in this area do not provide an intensity of intervention which is sufficient in significantly reducing CVD mortality or validated CVD risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.