ArticleCancer management and research2012
The 20th anniversary of interleukin-2 therapy: bimodal role explaining longstanding random induction of complete clinical responses.
Article in Cancer management and research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Lessons From the Development of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncology.Integrative cancer therapies · 2018Review
- Analysis of Drug Development Paradigms for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018Review
- CRISPR-Mediated VHL Knockout Generates an Improved Model for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Breast cancer gene therapy using an adenovirus encoding human IL-2 under control of mammaglobin promoter/enhancer sequences.Cancer gene therapy · 2016Article
- Long-term survival in advanced melanoma patients using repeated therapies: successive immunomodulation improving the odds?Cancer management and research · 2015Article
- Chemotherapy for Late-Stage Cancer Patients: Meta-Analysis of Complete Response Rates.F1000Research · 2015Article
- Co-expression of tumor antigen and interleukin-2 from an adenoviral vector augments the efficiency of therapeutic tumor vaccination.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2014Article
- High dose interleukin-2 (Aldesleukin) - expert consensus on best management practices-2014.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2014Review
- Genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus expressing interleukin-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand for cancer therapy.Cancer biology & therapy · 2014Article
- Recombinant IL-21 and anti-CD4 antibodies cooperate in syngeneic neuroblastoma immunotherapy and mediate long-lasting immunity.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2014Article
- PD-1 expression on peripheral blood cells increases with stage in renal cell carcinoma patients and is rapidly reduced after surgical tumor resection.Cancer immunology research · 2014Article
- Low-dose inhalation of interleukin-2 bio-chemotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary metastases in melanoma patients.British journal of cancer · 2014Article
- Prolonged repeated vaccine immuno-chemotherapy induces long-term clinical responses and survival for advanced metastatic melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2014Article
- Recent developments in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.Therapeutic advances in urology · 2013Review
- NK cells from malignant pleural effusions are potent antitumor effectors: A clue for adoptive immunotherapy?Oncoimmunology · 2013Article
- Cytokine therapy restores antitumor responses of NK cells rendered anergic in MHC I-deficient tumors.OncoimmunologyArticle
- Production of recombinant immunotherapeutics for anticancer treatment: the role of bioengineering.BioengineeredReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis year marks the twentieth anniversary of the approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of interleukin-2 (IL2) for use in cancer therapy, initially for renal cell carcinoma and later for melanoma. IL2 therapy for cancer has stood the test of time, with continued widespread use in Europe, parts of Asia, and the US. Clinical complete responses are variably reported at 5%-20% for advanced malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, with strong durable responses and sustained long-term 5-10-year survival being typical if complete responses are generated.
methodsThe literature was reviewed for the actions and clinical effects of IL2 on subsets of T cells. The influence of IL2 on clinical efficacy was also sought.
resultsThe review revealed that IL2 is capable of stimulating different populations of T cells in humans to induce either T effector or T regulatory responses. This apparent "functional paradox" has confounded a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind the clinical effects that are observed during and following administration of IL2 therapy. An average complete response rate of around 7% in small and large clinical trials using IL2 for advanced renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma has been shown from a recent review of the literature.
conclusionThis review considers the published literature concerning the actions and emerging clinical effects of IL2 therapy, spanning its 20-year period in clinical use. It further details some of the recently described "bimodal" effects of IL2 to explain the apparent functional paradox, and how IL2 might be harnessed to emerge rapidly as a much more effective and predictable clinical agent in the near future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.