ArticleJournal of bacteriology2012
The spanin complex is essential for lambda lysis.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bacteriophages target membrane-anchored glycopolymers to promote host cell lysis and progeny release.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A potential role for acyl-phosphate in the coordination of phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide synthesis inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterization of a Phage vB_LZ 2044 Deriving from K1-Type Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Efficient Against Liver Infection Mice Model.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Identification and analysis of the crucial holin domain and sites and the bactericidal activity of a holin-endolysin lysis cassette from phage PZL-Ah152 againstJournal of virology · 2026Article
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- A conserved hub protein required for peptidoglycan remodeling and cell division inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Latest Advances in Inhalable Dry Powder Bacteriophage Therapy for Pulmonary Infections.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Phage-derived proteins: Advancing food safety through biocontrol and detection of foodborne pathogens.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Review
- The Unique Capability of Endolysin to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance: Cracking the Barrier.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- High-yield bioproduction of virus-free virus-like P4-EKORhE multi-lysin transducing particles as an antimicrobial gene therapeutic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic bacteriophage Pv27 with biocontrol potential againstPeerJ · 2025Article
- Assessment of the phi6 lysis system using genetic complementation and heterologous expression inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in understanding of enterobacterial common antigen synthesis and regulation.Open biology · 2025Review
- Identifying components of theJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Co-ordinated assembly of the multilayered cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria.Current opinion in microbiology · 2024Review
- Genetic evidence for functional diversification of gram-negative intermembrane phospholipid transporters.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phage lysis is a ubiquitous biological process, the most frequent cytocidal event in the biosphere. Lysis of Gram-negative hosts has been shown to require holins and endolysins, which attack the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan, respectively. Recently, a third class of lysis proteins, the spanins, was identified. The first spanins to be characterized were λ Rz and Rz1, an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein and an outer membrane lipoprotein, respectively. Previous work has shown that Rz and Rz1 form complexes that span the entire periplasm. Phase-contrast video microscopy was used to record the morphological changes involved in the lysis of induced λ lysogens carrying prophages with either the λ canonical holin-endolysin system or the phage 21 pinholin-signal anchor release (SAR) endolysin system. In the former, rod morphology persisted until the instant of an explosive polar rupture, immediately emptying the cell of its contents. In contrast, in pinholin-SAR endolysin lysis, the cell began to shorten and thicken uniformly, with the resultant rounded cell finally bursting. In both cases, lysis failed to occur in inductions of isogenic prophages carrying null mutations in the spanin genes. In both systems, instead of an envelope rupture, the induced cells were converted from a rod shape to a spherical form. A functional GFPΦRz chimera was shown to exhibit a punctate distribution when coexpressed with Rz1, despite the absence of endolysin function. A model is proposed in which the spanins carry out the essential step of disrupting the outer membrane, in a manner regulated by the state of the peptidoglycan layer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.