ArticleThe Journal of infection2012
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in the United States, 1999-2008: epidemiology and outcomes.
Article in The Journal of infection, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contemporary Trends in Global Mortality of Sepsis Among Young Infants Less Than 90 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- A one-pot CRISPR/Cas12b assay for extraction-free and visual detection of Haemophilus influenzae.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Articulating What Makes Sense: An Exercise in Clinical Reasoning.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Rapid and sensitive detection ofHeliyon · 2025Article
- The importance of Haemophilus influenzae in community-acquired pneumonia: an emerging pathogen in the elderly regardless of comorbidities compared to Streptococcus pneumoniae.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- Haemophilus influenzae serotype a meningitis in an elderly patient: A case report and literature review.IDCases · 2024Article
- Article
- A Rare Case of Haemophilus Influenzae Serotype F Endocarditis Complicated by Concurrent Cardiogenic and Septic Shock: A Case of Challenging Management.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Disease-United States, 2008-2017.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- A Cross-Reactive Protein Vaccine Combined with PCV-13 Prevents Streptococcus pneumoniae- and Haemophilus influenzae-Mediated Acute Otitis Media.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- The situation of vaccines for the prevention of infections in adults: An opinion paper on the situation in Spain.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2019Article
- Incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in children with sickle cell disease.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2019Article
- Association of the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy With Major Surgical Site Infection in Cochlear Implantation.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2019Article
- Current Epidemiology and Trends in Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease-United States, 2009-2015.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in the vaccine era in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Article
- Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007-2014.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Identification and Characterization of msf, a Novel Virulence Factor in Haemophilus influenzae.PloS one · 2016Article
- Vaccines for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the Future Is Now.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIntroduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine has resulted in a dramatic reduction of Hib disease in the U.S. and an increase in the relative importance of infections caused by nontypeable strains. The current project describes the characteristics and clinical outcomes of pediatric and adult patients with invasive H. influenzae (HI) and, through multivariable analysis, identifies risk factors for in-hospital mortality.
methodsHI cases were identified during 1999-2008 through active surveillance as part of active bacterial core surveillance (ABCs). Multivariable analysis was performed with logistic regression to identify factors predictive of in-hospital death.
results4839 cases of HI were identified from 1999-2008. Children accounted for 17.1% of cases and adults 82.9%. Underlying conditions were present in 20.7% of children and 74.8% of adults. In-hospital mortality was highest in cases ≥65 years (21.9%) and <3 months (16.2%). The risk of in-hospital death in children <1 year was higher among those who were prematurely-born (<28 weeks, OR 7.1, 95% CI 3.2-15.6; 28-36 weeks OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.9-4.8) and, among children aged 1-17 years, higher in those with healthcare-associated onset and dialysis (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.84-17.39; OR 18.11, 95% CI 2.77-118.65). In adults, age ≥40 was associated with death in nontypeable, but not encapsulated, infections. Infections with nontypeable strains increased the risk of death in cases ≥65 years (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.31-2.52). Healthcare-associated HI, bacteremia without identifiable focus, bacteremic pneumonia, associated cirrhosis, cerebrovascular accident, dialysis, heart failure, and non-hematologic malignancy also increased the risk of death in adults.
conclusionPrematurity in infants, advanced age and certain chronic diseases in adults were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. Nontypeable HI was associated with higher mortality in the elderly.
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