ArticleCancer2013
PAM4 enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with CA 19-9 for the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Article in Cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01956812 (An International, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase III Trial of 90Y-Clivatuzumab Tetraxetan Plus Low-Dose Gemcitabine Versus Placebo Plus Low-Dose Gemcitabine in Patients With Metastatic), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An International, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase III Trial of 90Y-Clivatuzumab Tetraxetan Plus Low-Dose Gemcitabine Versus Placebo Plus Low-Dose Gemcitabine in Patients With Metastatic (Stage IV) Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Who Received at Least Two Prior Treatments (PANCRIT-1)
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Novel Biomarkers Ready for Evaluation in Low-Prevalence Populations for the Early Detection of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review.Advances in therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Pooled it
- Pilot validation of a whole-blood mRNA expression-based diagnostic system for early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a single-center case-control diagnostic accuracy study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aquaporin-1 differentiates intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from liver metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Histopathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket?World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Understanding the Clinical Impact of MUC5AC Expression on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2021Review
- Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Earlier Detection of Pancreatic Cancer-A Comprehensive Review.Cancers · 2021Review
- Diagnostic, Predictive and Prognostic Molecular Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview for Clinicians.Cancers · 2021Review
- Adjuvant Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer: Shaping the Future of the Curative Setting.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Article
- Advances in pancreatic cancer biomarkers.Oncology reviews · 2019Article
- PRPF40A as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker is upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines: an integrated bioinformatics data analysis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Article
- INPP4B As A Prognostic And Diagnostic Marker Regulates Cell Growth Of Pancreatic Cancer Via Activating AKT.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Article
- Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: Controversies in Guidelines and Future Perspectives.Current treatment options in gastroenterology · 2018Review
- Circulating biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: facts and hopes.American journal of cancer research · 2018Review
- Detecting circulating tumor material and digital pathology imaging during pancreatic cancer progression.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2017Review
- Novel biomarkers and endoscopic techniques for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancy.F1000Research · 2017Review
- A Combination of MUC5AC and CA19-9 Improves the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: A Multicenter Study.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe monoclonal antibody PAM4 has high specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as its precursor lesions, but has not been found to be reactive with normal and benign pancreatic tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate a PAM4-based serum enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with the carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 assay for the detection of PDAC, with particular attention to early stage disease.
methodsSera from patients with confirmed PDAC (N = 298), other cancers (N = 99), benign disease of the pancreas (N = 120), and healthy adults (N = 79) were evaluated by a specific enzyme immunoassay for the concentration of PAM4 and CA 19-9 antigen levels by blinded analyses. All tests for statistical significance were 2-sided.
resultsThe overall sensitivity for PAM4 detection of PDAC was 76%, with 64% of patients with stage I disease also identified. The detection rate was considerably higher (85%) for patients with advanced disease. The assay demonstrated high specificity compared with benign pancreatic disease (85%), with a positive likelihood ratio of 4.93. CA 19-9 provided an overall sensitivity of 77%, and was positive in 58% of patients with stage I disease; however, the specificity was significantly lower for CA 19-9 (68%), with a positive likelihood ratio of 2.85 (P = .026 compared with PAM4). It is important to note that a combined PAM4 and CA 19-9 biomarker serum assay demonstrated an improved sensitivity (84%) for the overall detection of PDAC without a significant loss of specificity (82%) compared with either arm alone.
conclusionsThe PAM4 enzyme immunoassay identified approximately two-thirds of patients with stage I PDAC with high discriminatory power with respect to benign, nonneoplastic pancreatic disease. These results provide a rationale for testing patient groups considered to be at high risk for PDAC with a combined PAM4 and CA 19-9 biomarker serum assay for the detection of early stage PDAC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.