ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2012
Effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and iron deficiency anemia on child growth and body composition through age 9 years.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal alcohol exposure and associations with physical size, dysmorphology and neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Infant circulating MicroRNAs as biomarkers of effect in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of Maternal Choline Supplementation During Pregnancy in Mitigating Adverse Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Growth and Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- Fetal alcohol-related growth restriction from birth through young adulthood and moderating effects of maternal prepregnancy weight.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2013Trial
- GWAS integrating maternal and child genetics reveals novel risk-modifying loci for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).Research square · 2026Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure induces anxiety and depressive-like behaviors with deficits in growth and food intake in mice.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Mitochondrial Function in the Brain.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Nonconceptus Mechanisms of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure That Disrupt Embryo-Fetal Development: An Integrative View.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Review
- Exploring Nutritional Status and Metabolic Imbalances in Children with FASD: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Contribution of ferritin and zinc to adverse infant outcomes among pregnancies with prenatal alcohol exposure in South Africa.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The Effects of Iron Administration on Anemia Development during the 7th and 21st Day of Life in Premature Newborns: A Prospective Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Relationship-based intervention for children who were prenatally alcohol exposed in South Africa.Research in developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Article
- Microbiota and nutrition as risk and resiliency factors following prenatal alcohol exposure.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Mediating and Moderating Effects of Iron Homeostasis Alterations on Fetal Alcohol-Related Growth and Neurobehavioral Deficits.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Iron Homeostasis.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Gestational weight gain and dietary energy, iron, and choline intake predict severity of fetal alcohol growth restriction in a prospective birth cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Effects of nutrition and gestational alcohol consumption on fetal growth and development.Nutrition reviews · 2022Review
- Gestational Iron Supplementation Improves Fetal Outcomes in a Rat Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure has been associated with pre- and postnatal growth restriction, but little is known about the natural history of this restriction throughout childhood or the effects of prenatal alcohol on body composition. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure on longitudinal growth and body composition.
methodsEighty-five heavy drinking pregnant women (≥2 drinks/d or ≥4 drinks/occasion) and 63 abstaining and light-drinking controls (<1 drink/d, no binging) were recruited at initiation of prenatal care in an urban obstetrical clinic in Cape Town, South Africa and prospectively interviewed during pregnancy about alcohol, smoking, drug use, and demographics. Among their children, length/height, weight, and head circumference were measured at 6.5 and 12 months and at 5 and 9 years. Percent body fat (BF) was estimated at age 9 years using bioelectric impedance analysis.
resultsIn multiple regression models with repeated measures (adjusted for confounders), heavy alcohol exposure was associated with reductions in weight (0.6 SD), length/height (0.5 SD), and head circumference (0.9 cm) from 6.5 months to 9 years that were largely determined at birth. These effects were exacerbated by iron deficiency in infancy but were not modified by iron deficiency or measures of food security at 5 years. An alcohol-related postnatal delay in weight gain was seen at 12 months. Effects on head circumference were greater at age 9 than at other age points. Although heavy alcohol exposure was not associated with changes in body composition, children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) had lower percent BF than heavy exposed nonsyndromal and control children.
conclusionsHeavy prenatal alcohol exposure is related to prenatal growth restriction that persists through age 9 years and an additional delay in weight gain during infancy. FAS and PFAS diagnoses are associated with leaner body composition in later childhood.
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