ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
Trefoil factor 2 negatively regulates type 1 immunity against Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trefoil factor 2 interacts with A4GNT to regulate inflammation to protect against pneumonia during influenza virus infection.iScience · 2025Article
- A Trefoil factor 3-Lingo2 axis restrains proliferative expansion of type-1 T helper cells during GI nematode infection.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Self-Renewal and Cancers of the Gastric Epithelium: An Update and the Role of the Lectin TFF1 as an Antral Tumor Suppressor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Gut homeostasis, injury, and healing: New therapeutic targets.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Trefoil Factor Family: A Troika for Lung Repair and Regeneration.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2022Review
- Parasitic helminth infections in humans modulate Trefoil Factor levels in a manner dependent on the species of parasite and age of the host.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- LINGO3 regulates mucosal tissue regeneration and promotes TFF2 dependent recovery from colitis.Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Links to Inflammation: A Re-evaluation and New Medical Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Pulmonary Innate Immune Response Determines the Outcome of Inflammation During Pneumonia and Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Proteomics in gastroparesis: unique and overlapping protein signatures in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2019Article
- TFF3 interacts with LINGO2 to regulate EGFR activation for protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Blockade of IL-33R/ST2 Signaling AttenuatesFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- From Entry to Early Dissemination-Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Trefoil Factor 2 Promotes Type 2 Immunity and Lung Repair through Intrinsic Roles in Hematopoietic and Nonhematopoietic Cells.The American journal of pathology · 2018Article
- Pancreatic-cancer-cell-derived trefoil factor 2 impairs maturation and migration of human monocyte-derived dendritic cellsAnimal cells and systems · 2018Article
- TFF Peptides Play a Role in the Immune Response Following Oral Infection of Mice with Toxoplasma Gondii.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
IL-12-mediated type 1 inflammation confers host protection against the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. However, production of IFN-γ, another type 1 inflammatory cytokine, also drives lethality from excessive injury to the intestinal epithelium. As mechanisms that restore epithelial barrier function following infection remain poorly understood, this study investigated the role of trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), a well-established regulator of mucosal tissue repair. Paradoxically, TFF2 antagonized IL-12 release from dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, which protected TFF2-deficient (TFF2(-/-)) mice from T. gondii pathogenesis. Dysregulated intestinal homeostasis in naive TFF2(-/-) mice correlated with increased IL-12/23p40 levels and enhanced T cell recruitment at baseline. Infected TFF2(-/-) mice displayed low rates of parasite replication and reduced gut immunopathology, whereas wild-type (WT) mice experienced disseminated infection and lethal ileitis. p38 MAPK activation and IL-12p70 production was more robust from TFF2(-/-)CD8+ DC compared with WT CD8+ DC and treatment of WT DC with rTFF2 suppressed TLR-induced IL-12/23p40 production. Neutralization of IFN-γ and IL-12 in TFF2(-/-) animals abrogated resistance shown by enhanced parasite replication and infection-induced morbidity. Hence, TFF2 regulated intestinal barrier function and type 1 cytokine release from myeloid phagocytes, which dictated the outcome of oral T. gondii infection in mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.