ArticleTumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine2012
CDX-2 expression in malignant germ cell tumors of the testes, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, and normal seminiferous tubules.
Article in Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete remission of Cdx-2 positive primary testicular carcinoid tumor: 10-years follow-up and literature review.BMC urology · 2020Review
- Primary Carcinoid Tumor of the Testis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Case reports in urology · 2018Article
- CDX2 immunostaining in primary and metastatic germ cell tumours of the testis.The Journal of international medical research · 2016Article
- High-level expression of divergent endodermal lineage markers in gonadal and extra-gonadal yolk sac tumors.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2016Article
- What Is Trophoblast? A Combination of Criteria Define Human First-Trimester Trophoblast.Stem cell reports · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
CDX-2 is a caudal-type homeobox gene, encoding a transcription factor that plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. The utility of antibodies to CDX2 in the identification of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly colorectal adenocarcinomas, in both primary and metastatic settings is well established. It is well-known that patients with testicular tumors may occasionally lack an obvious palpable mass. However, the expression of CDX2 in malignant germ cell tumors of the testes which have metastatic potential has not been previously studied in a large series. A tissue microarray was constructed from 52 malignant germ cell tumors of the testes including: 29 cases of classic seminoma, 8 cases of embryonal carcinoma, 8 cases of yolk sac tumor, 4 cases of malignant teratoma, 2 cases of choriocarcinoma, and 1 case of spermatocytic seminoma. Ten cases of intratubular germ cell neoplasia and seven cases of benign testicles with normal seminiferous tubules were also included in tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical stains for CDX2 was performed and analyzed. Only nuclear staining was considered positive. Positive expression of CDX2 was identified in 2/2 cases (100 %) of choriocarcinoma, 4/8 cases (50 %) of teratoma, 3/8 cases (38 %) of embryonal carcinoma, 3/8 cases (38 %) of yolk sac tumor, and 1/29 cases (3 %) of classic seminoma. CDX2 was negative in all cases of intratubular germ cell neoplasia, normal seminiferous tubules, and the only case of spermatocytic seminoma. The role of CDX-2 in the differentiation of intestinal/enteric epithelial cells may contribute to the formation of trophoblastic, glandular, villous, or cystic structures in germ cell tumors of the testes. This study suggests that the expression of CDX2 in a variety of malignant germ cell tumors of the testes may be a potential pitfall in metastatic tumors of unknown primary, which are thought to be of gastrointestinal/colorectal origin but are actually from a clinically occult testicular tumor.
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