Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2012
Human milk oligosaccharide concentration and risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of the concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk.Nutrition reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Varied human milk oligosaccharides in human milk from mothers treated with antidepressants and anti-inflammatories.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Short-term modulation of human milk oligosaccharides in plasma and milk by glucose and insulin: insights into postpartum metabolic regulation.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Shaping of the Infant Gut Microbiome by Milk Oligosaccharides.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Human Milk from Breastfeeding Bangladeshi Women Reveals Amino Acid Metabolic Pathways Associated with Maternal Nutritional Status and Infant Growth.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Limited Evidence of Benefits from Clinical Trials of Human-Identical Milk Oligosaccharides for Infants.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- The Legacy of COVID-19 in Breast Milk: The Association of Elevated Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Proteins with Vaccination or Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III Conjugated to Dextran Inhibits HIV Replication in Primary Human Macrophages.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Protocol: the International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium - a harmonized secondary analysis of human milk from four studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant growth in a Bangladeshi mother-infant cohort.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Automated chemoenzymatic modular synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides on a digital microfluidic platform.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Recent advances in enzymatic properties, preparation methods, and functions of glycoside hydrolase from Bifidobacterium: a review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- Creation of a milk oligosaccharide database, MilkOligoDB, reveals common structural motifs and extensive diversity across mammals.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- 2'-Fucosyllactose Inhibits Coxsackievirus Class A Type 9 Infection by Blocking Virus Attachment and Internalisation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Impact of IgG Isotype on the Induction of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis of HIV by Human Milk Leukocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Correcting for sparsity and interdependence in glycomics by accounting for glycan biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe inefficiency of HIV breast-milk transmission may be caused by the presence of immunologically active factors, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).
objectiveWe investigated whether HMO concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of postnatal HIV transmission.
designA nested case-control study was conducted within a larger cohort study of HIV-infected women and their infants followed from birth to 24 mo in Lusaka, Zambia. Breast-milk samples collected at 1 mo from 81 HIV-infected women who transmitted via breastfeeding, a random sample of 86 HIV-infected women who did not transmit despite breastfeeding, and 36 uninfected breastfeeding women were selected. Total and specific HMO concentrations were measured by HPLC and compared between groups with adjustment for confounders by using logistic regression.
resultsHIV-infected women with total HMOs above the median (1.87 g/L) were less likely to transmit via breastfeeding (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.97; P = 0.04) after adjustment for CD4 count and breast-milk HIV RNA concentrations; a trend toward higher concentrations of lacto-N-neotetraose being associated with reduced transmission (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.23, 1.04; P = 0.06) was also observed. The proportion of 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) per total HMOs was higher among transmitting than among nontransmitting women (P = 0.003) and correlated with higher plasma and breast-milk HIV RNA and lower CD4 counts. Neither Secretor nor Lewis status distinguished between transmitting and nontransmitting women.
conclusionsHigher concentrations of non-3'-SL HMOs were associated with protection against postnatal HIV transmission independent of other known risk factors. Further study of these novel, potentially anti-HIV components of breast milk is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.