ArticleThe American journal of pathology2012
Respiratory and olfactory cytotoxicity of inhaled 2,3-pentanedione in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- A New Aerosol Respiratory Deposition Approach: Health Risks of Metals in Aerosols from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Heated Tobacco Products.Journal of aerosol science · 2026Article
- The effect of e-cigarette flavor bans on tobacco use.Journal of health economics · 2025Article
- The toxic effects of electronic cigarette aerosol and cigarette smoke on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal systems in mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Decrements in lung function and respiratory abnormalities associated with exposure to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione in coffee production workers.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Model Predictions of Occupational Exposures to Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione Emitted From Roasted Whole Bean and Ground Coffee: Influence of Roast Level and Physical Form on Specific Emission Rates.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health.Respiratory research · 2021Review
- Induced Changes in Aroma Compounds of Foods Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- An Unrecognized Hazard in E-Cigarette Vapor: Preliminary Quantification of Methylglyoxal Formation from Propylene Glycol in E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sub-ohm vaping increases the levels of carbonyls, is cytotoxic, and alters gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed at the air-liquid interface.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Formation of Diacetyl and Other α-Dicarbonyl Compounds during the Generation of E-Vapor Product Aerosols.ACS omega · 2020Article
- Exposures and Emissions in Coffee Roasting Facilities and Cafés: Diacetyl, 2,3-Pentanedione, and Other Volatile Organic Compounds.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Severe lung disease characterized by lymphocytic bronchiolitis, alveolar ductitis, and emphysema (BADE) in industrial machine-manufacturing workers.American journal of industrial medicine · 2019Article
- Article
- Ex vivo real-time monitoring of volatile metabolites resulting from nasal odorant metabolism.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Transcriptomic response of primary human airway epithelial cells to flavoring chemicals in electronic cigarettes.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Potential Hazards Not Communicated in Safety Data Sheets of Flavoring Formulations, Including Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione.Annals of work exposures and health · 2019Article
- NIOSH's Respiratory Health Division: 50 years of science and service.Archives of environmental & occupational health · 2019Article
- Pulmonary Impairment and Risk Assessment in a Diacetyl-Exposed Population: Microwave Popcorn Workers.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2018Article
- Tobacco and other occupational exposures among hookah bar workers.American journal of industrial medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Flavorings-related lung disease is a potentially disabling disease of food industry workers associated with exposure to the α-diketone butter flavoring, diacetyl (2,3-butanedione). To investigate the hypothesis that another α-diketone flavoring, 2,3-pentanedione, would cause airway damage, rats that inhaled air, 2,3-pentanedione (112, 241, 318, or 354 ppm), or diacetyl (240 ppm) for 6 hours were sacrificed the following day. Rats inhaling 2,3-pentanedione developed necrotizing rhinitis, tracheitis, and bronchitis comparable to diacetyl-induced injury. To investigate delayed toxicity, additional rats inhaled 318 (range, 317.9-318.9) ppm 2,3-pentanedione for 6 hours and were sacrificed 0 to 2, 12 to 14, or 18 to 20 hours after exposure. Respiratory epithelial injury in the upper nose involved both apoptosis and necrosis, which progressed through 12 to 14 hours after exposure. Olfactory neuroepithelial injury included loss of olfactory neurons that showed reduced expression of the 2,3-pentanedione-metabolizing enzyme, dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase, relative to sustentacular cells. Caspase 3 activation occasionally involved olfactory nerve bundles that synapse in the olfactory bulb (OB). An additional group of rats inhaling 270 ppm 2,3-pentanedione for 6 hours 41 minutes showed increased expression of IL-6 and nitric oxide synthase-2 and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A in the OB, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum using real-time PCR. Claudin-1 expression increased in the OB and striatum. We conclude that 2,3-pentanedione is a respiratory hazard that can also alter gene expression in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.