ArticleBMC infectious diseases2012
Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected Mediterranean subjects.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of HIV-hepatitis C co-infection on bone mineral density and fracture: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Bone Density and Fractures in HIV-infected Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACPooled it
- Relationships Between Physical Activity and Bone Density in People Living with HIV: Results from the SATURN-HIV Study.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACTrial
- Calcium Intake and Bone Mineral Density in People With HIV and/or Chronic Hepatitis C.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Related Factors in Romanian HIV-Positive Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Narrative Review on the Management of Neck of Femur Fractures in People Living with HIV: Challenges, Complications, and Long-Term Outcomes.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Evaluation of bone mineral density and its influencing factors in patients infected with HIV under antiretroviral therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bone Disease in HIV: Need for Early Diagnosis and Prevention.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nutritional Aspects of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: an Insight.Current pharmacology reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Contemporary Lifestyle Modification Interventions to Improve Metabolic Comorbidities in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- Relationship Between Vertebral Fractures, Bone Mineral Density, and Osteometabolic Profile in HIV and Hepatitis B and C-Infected Patients Treated With ART.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Behavioral and clinical characteristics of people receiving medical care for HIV infection in an outpatient facility in Sicily, Italy.Patient preference and adherence · 2016Article
- Tenofovir: What We Have Learnt After 7.5 Million Person-Years of Use.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2015Article
- Recommendations for evaluation and management of bone disease in HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Article
- Vitamin D and Osteoporosis in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients: A Literature Review.International journal of endocrinology · 2015Review
- Vitamin D Deficiency in HIV Infection: Not Only a Bone Disorder.BioMed research international · 2015Review
- Bone alterations associated with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Article
- Osteoporosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients - An Emerging Clinical Concern.European endocrinology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the reported high prevalence of osteoporosis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-population, there have been no previous studies examining dairy calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-subjects. We assessed the prevalence of low BMD in HIV-infected and uninfected subjects and analyzed the effects of calcium intake, lifestyle and HIV-related risk factors on BMD.
methodsOne hundred and twelve HIV-infected subjects were consecutively enrolled. Seventy- six HIV-uninfected subjects matched for age and sex were enrolled as the control group. The HIV-subjects were interviewed about lifestyle habits and completed a weekly food-frequency questionnaire to estimate calcium intake. HIV-RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and data on antiretroviral therapy were also recorded. Both biochemical bone turnover markers and BMD, assessed by dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DXA) were recorded in the HIV-cases and controls. We also calculated the 10-year fracture risks using the WHO FRAX equation.
resultsOsteoporosis prevalence was significantly higher in the HIV-cases than controls (p < 0.05). BMI values were positively correlated with BMD (p < 0.05). Vitamin D levels were lower in the HIV-subjects (p < 0.02). No correlation was found with daily calcium intake. BMI values were significantly correlated with dairy intake quartiles (p < 0.003). In HIV-subjects, the mean of FRAX score was 1.2 % for hip and 4.7 % for major osteoporotic fractures. On multivariate analysis of the lumbar spine DXA T-score, age (p < 0.005) and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (p < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with BMD, while yogurt intake was a protective predictor of BMD (p < 0.05). In the femur DXA T-score, age (p < 0.01), nadir CD4 + T-cell count < 200 cells/μL (p < 0.05) and drug addiction ( p < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with BMD.
conclusionsAmong the foods rich in calcium, yogurt was a protective predictor of BMD in HIV-subjects. HIV/HCV co-infection, nadir CD4 + T-cell count < 200 cells/μL and drug addiction were independent predictors of severe BMD. Promoting behavioral changes in food intake and lifestyle, aimed at the primary prevention of bone disease in the chronically-infected subjects seems to be essential for implementing medical intervention in these cases.
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