ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2012
A phase I dose-finding trial of recombinant interleukin-21 and rituximab in relapsed and refractory low grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Review
- Harnessing the cytotoxic granule exocytosis to augment the efficacy of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody therapy.Haematologica · 2024Article
- Targeting natural killer cells: from basic biology to clinical application in hematologic malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic potential of interleukin-21 in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Translatability of findings from cynomolgus monkey to human suggests a mechanistic role for IL-21 in promoting immunogenicity to an anti-PD-1/IL-21 mutein fusion protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- JAK-STAT signalling shapes the NF-κB response in CLL towards venetoclax sensitivity or resistance via Bcl-XL.Molecular oncology · 2023Article
- Implications of IL-21 in solid tumor therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- The application of Interleukin-2 family cytokines in tumor immunotherapy research.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma-How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Cytokine Based Immunotherapy for Cancer and Lymphoma: Biology, Challenges and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The promise and perils of immunotherapy.Blood advances · 2021Review
- Cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive appraisal of its modes of application.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- Next-generation cytokines for cancer immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2021Review
- Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of interleukin-21 regulates the development of oral squamous cell carcinomaOncology letters · 2020Article
- Molecular Aspects and Future Perspectives of Cytokine-Based Anti-cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy.British journal of cancer · 2019Review
- Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
- IL-21 Selectively Protects CD62LJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe conducted a phase I study to determine the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and efficacy of weekly bolus recombinant human interleukin-21 (rIL-21) plus rituximab in patients with indolent B-cell malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL
designOne week after a lead-in rituximab dose, cohorts of three patients were treated with 30, 100, or 150 μg/kg rIL-21 weekly for four weeks, concurrent with four weekly doses of rituximab. Patients with stable disease or better were eligible for a second course of therapy.
resultsTwenty-one patients with relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL, n = 11), follicular lymphoma (n = 9), or marginal zone lymphoma (n = 1) were enrolled, with 19 completing at least one course of therapy. The MTD for rIL-21 was 100 μg/kg, based on observed toxicities including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, edema, and hypophosphatemia. Clinical responses were seen in 8 of 19 evaluable patients (42%; 3 CR/CRu, 5 PR), with 4 of longer duration than the patient's previous response to rituximab-based treatment (median 9 months vs. 3 months).
conclusionsOutpatient therapy of indolent B-cell malignancies with rituximab and weekly rIL-21 was well tolerated and clinically active, with durable complete remissions in a small subset of patients. Additional studies of rIL-21 and anti-CD20 antibodies in lymphoma and SLL/CLL are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.