ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2012
Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic: a case-control study in an Italian population.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Air Pollution and Brain Tumors in Children. A Systematic Review.Current environmental health reports · 2026Pooled it
- Exposure to outdoor air pollution at different periods and the risk of leukemia: a meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Pooled it
- Parental, In Utero, and Early-Life Exposure to Benzene and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- A review and meta-analysis of outdoor air pollution and risk of childhood leukemia.Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2014Pooled it
- Residential traffic exposure and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Air pollution and mortality in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients across different age groups in Northern Thailand (1999-2020).PloS one · 2026Article
- The association between air pollution exposure and childhood cancer: a scoping review about the challenges in epidemiological studies.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Residential Greenness, and Childhood Cancer Risk by Trimester of Exposure in Minnesota 2000 to 2014: A Case-Control Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Light at night exposure and risk of dementia conversion from mild cognitive impairment in a Northern Italy population.International journal of health geographics · 2024Article
- Maternal Exposure to Heavy Metals From Industrial Sources During Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer Risk in California.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- PM2.5, vegetation density, and childhood cancer: a case-control registry-based study from Texas 1995-2011.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources during pregnancy and childhood cancer risk in California.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Residential proximity to petrol stations and risk of childhood leukemia.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- International patterns and trends of childhood and adolescent cancer, 1978-2012.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2022Article
- Assessment of Pediatric Cancer and Its Relationship to Environmental Contaminants: An Ecological Study in Idaho.GeoHealth · 2022Article
- The association between first and second wave COVID-19 mortality in Italy.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Exposure to Particulate Matter from Vehicular Traffic: A Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Combined exposure to formaldehyde and PMEnvironment international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Benzene, a recognized occupational leukemogen in adults, has been hypothesized to also increase the risk of childhood leukemia. We carried out a population-based case-control study in a northern Italy community involving 83 cases with acute childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998-2009 and 332 matched controls. We assessed residential exposure to benzene and to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10) from motorized traffic using geocoded residences and detailed emission and dispersion modeling. Exposure to benzene, and to a lesser extent to PM10, appeared to be independently associated with an excess leukemia risk. When we stratified the study population by age and by leukemia subtype, the relative risk associated with benzene exposure was higher among children aged less than 5 years, and despite small numbers this relation appeared to be considerably stronger for acute myeloid leukemia than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of benzene released from motorized traffic may increase the risk of childhood leukemia, and suggest a possible independent effect of PM10, although unmeasured confounding due to other pollutants cannot be ruled out.
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