ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2013
Effectiveness of stop-smoking medications: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Motivating Smokers at Outdoor Public Smoking Hotspots to Have Quit Attempt With Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Sample and Brief Smoking Cessation Advice for Recruiting Smokers to Smoking Cessation Services and Motivating Quit Attempts
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Can We Predict Who Will Experience Adverse Events While Using Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy? A Secondary Analysis of the EAGLES Clinical Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Feasibility of precision smoking treatment in a low-income community setting: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial in The Southern Community Cohort Study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Trial
- Nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation within primary care: results from a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Assessing the effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for smoking cessation in women: HIIT to quit study protocol.BMC public health · 2015Trial
- CYP2B6 rs2279343 polymorphism is associated with smoking cessation success in bupropion therapy.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Trial
- Long-term nicotine replacement therapy: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2015Trial
- Changing low income smokers' beliefs about tobacco dependence treatment.Substance use & misuse · 2014Trial
- Effect of nicotine replacement therapy on quitting by young adults in a trial comparing cessation services.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPTrial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Cytisinicline and Varenicline for Smoking Cessation: A Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC).Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- Associations between nicotine vaping uptake and cigarette smoking cessation vary by smokers' plans to quit: longitudinal findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- How do self-exempt beliefs affect intentions to quit smoking? An exploration of the mediating role of threat appraisal and coping appraisal.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Do Smokers' Perceptions of the Harmfulness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Nicotine Vaping Products as Compared to Cigarettes Influence Their Use as an Aid for Smoking Cessation? Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Development, validation and transfer to clinical practice of a mobile application for the treatment of smoking.Atencion primaria · 2022Article
- Estimated Failure to Report Unsuccessful Quit Attempts by Type of Cessation Aid: A Population Survey of Smokers in England.Journal of smoking cessation · 2022Article
- Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- The Emerging Global Tobacco Treatment Workforce: Characteristics of Tobacco Treatment Specialists Trained in Council-Accredited Training Programs from 2017 to 2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of text messaging to support health advice for smoking cessation.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the population effectiveness of stop-smoking medications while accounting for potential recall bias by controlling for quit attempt recency.
designProspective cohort survey.
settingUnited Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the United States.
participantsA total of 7436 adult smokers (18+ years) selected via random digit dialling and interviewed as part of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4) between 2002 and 2009. Primary analyses utilized the subset of respondents who participated in 2006 or later (n = 2550). MEASUREMENTS: Continuous abstinence from smoking for 1 month/6 months.
findingsAmong participants who recalled making a quit attempt within 1 month of interview, those who reported using varenicline, bupropion or nicotine patch were more likely to maintain 6-month continuous abstinence from smoking compared to those who attempted to quit without medication [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.12-16.12), 3.94 (0.87-17.80), 4.09 (1.72-9.74), respectively]; there were no clear effects for oral NRT use. Those who did not use any medication when attempting to quit tended to be younger, to be racial/ethnic minorities, to have lower incomes and to believe that medications do not make quitting easier.
conclusionsConsistent with evidence from randomized controlled trials, smokers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the United States are more likely to succeed in quit attempts if they use varenicline, bupropion or nicotine patch. Previous population studies that failed to find an effect failed to control adequately for important sources of bias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.