ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 213 papers.
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213 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chromosome painting in plants: history and future perspectives.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2026Review
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- Generation Length: Often Ignored and Sometimes Misunderstood.Evolutionary applications · 2026Review
- Atlas of cortical sulcal imprints on Pan endocasts.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
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- Caenorhabditis diversity on Pohnpei, Micronesia, provides evidence that the Elegans Supergroup has its roots in the Americas and diversified in the Pacific en route to Asia.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2026Article
- Metabolism Controls the Timing of Human Brain Development and Maturation.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Targeted Chromosomal Sequencing of Wild Bonobos Identifies a Genetically Distinct Subpopulation East of the Lomami River.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Earliest evidence of hominin bipedalism inScience advances · 2026Article
- Evolving a Field: Can Evolutionary Theory Provide What the Study of Human Evolution Requires?American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Review
- Estimating the Effective Population Size Across Space and Time in the Critically Endangered Western Chimpanzee in Guinea-Bissau: Challenges and Implications for Conservation Management.Evolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Natural Selection of a Virus-Protective FUT2 Variant Following the Transition to Agriculture.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
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- Rethinking Hominin Air Sac Loss in Light of Phylogenetically Meaningful Evidence.Evolutionary anthropology · 2025Article
- Recent rapid radiation of apex predators suggests dramatic biodiversity turnover in an ancient lake.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evidence of organized but not disorganized attachment in wild Western chimpanzee offspring (Pan troglodytes verus).Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Avoidance of reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in chimpanzees.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
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- Spatial sampling bias influences our understanding of early hominin evolution in eastern Africa.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- The uniqueness of human vulnerability to brain aging in great ape evolution.Science advances · 2024Article
153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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20 authors.
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Abstract
Fossils and molecular data are two independent sources of information that should in principle provide consistent inferences of when evolutionary lineages diverged. Here we use an alternative approach to genetic inference of species split times in recent human and ape evolution that is independent of the fossil record. We first use genetic parentage information on a large number of wild chimpanzees and mountain gorillas to directly infer their average generation times. We then compare these generation time estimates with those of humans and apply recent estimates of the human mutation rate per generation to derive estimates of split times of great apes and humans that are independent of fossil calibration. We date the human-chimpanzee split to at least 7-8 million years and the population split between Neanderthals and modern humans to 400,000-800,000 y ago. This suggests that molecular divergence dates may not be in conflict with the attribution of 6- to 7-million-y-old fossils to the human lineage and 400,000-y-old fossils to the Neanderthal lineage.
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