ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Cigarette smoke increases Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation via oxidative stress.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression profiles of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma reveals downregulation of Desmoglein 1 and crucial genomic targets.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Microbiota Diversity and Composition: A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Synergistic Induction of Neutrophilic Inflammatory Programs byImmune network · 2026Article
- Longitudinal dynamics and site-specific recovery of the human respiratory microbiome following smoking cessation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Natural and synthetic chemicals acting as enhancers of bacterial pathogenic success within the human host.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Comparative Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Heated Tobacco Product Aerosols on Biofilm Production by Respiratory Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical and epidemiological differences in staphylococcal osteoarticular infections: insights for developing hospital-based infection control interventions.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025Article
- Association of lifestyle, physiological factors, and body composition with the facial skin microbiota in acne vulgaris.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: in-depth analysis of microbiota association and innovative prevention and treatment approaches from the gut-lung axis perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- The Role of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Chronic Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases of the Respiratory Tract.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lung microbiome: new insights into bronchiectasis' outcome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Metatranscriptomic analysis shows functional alterations in subgingival biofilm in young smokers with periodontitis: a pilot study.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Observational
- Periplasmic biomineralization for semi-artificial photosynthesis.Science advances · 2023Article
- Air Pollution and microRNAs: The Role of Association in Airway Inflammation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- SpoT-mediated NapA upregulation promotes oxidative stress-inducedAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Pyodermitis during Nivolumab Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The strong epidemiological association between cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and respiratory tract infections is conventionally attributed to immunosuppressive and irritant effects of CS on human cells. Since pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus are members of the normal microbiota and reside in close proximity to human nasopharyngeal cells, we hypothesized that bioactive components of CS might affect these organisms and potentiate their virulence. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a model organism, we observed that the presence of CS increased both biofilm formation and host cell adherence. Analysis of putative molecular pathways revealed that CS exposure decreased expression of the quorum-sensing agr system, which is involved in biofilm dispersal, and increased transcription of biofilm inducers such as sarA and rbf. CS contains bioactive compounds, including free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and we observed transcriptional induction of bacterial oxidoreductases, including superoxide dismutase, following exposure. Moreover, pretreatment of CS with an antioxidant abrogated CS-mediated enhancement of biofilms. Exposure of bacteria to hydrogen peroxide alone increased biofilm formation. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that CS induces staphylococcal biofilm formation in an oxidant-dependent manner. CS treatment induced transcription of fnbA (encoding fibronectin binding protein A), leading to increased binding of CS-treated staphylococci to immobilized fibronectin and increased adherence to human cells. These observations indicate that the bioactive effects of CS may extend to the resident microbiota of the nasopharynx, with implications for the pathogenesis of respiratory infection in CS-exposed humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.