ArticleFamilial cancer2012
Consumer awareness and attitudes about insurance discrimination post enactment of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act.
Article in Familial cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards genetic testing for cancer risk among ethnic minority groups: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Global trends on fears and concerns of genetic discrimination: a systematic literature review.Journal of human genetics · 2016Pooled it
- The goldilocks conundrum: Disclosing discrimination risks in informed consent.Journal of genetic counseling · 2022Trial
- Public knowledge of and attitudes toward genetics and genetic testing.Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2013Trial
- Cardiovascular genetic counselor decision making about discussing life insurance with patients.Journal of genetic counseling · 2025Article
- Revolutionising Cardio-Oncology Care with Precision Genomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genomics and insurance in the United Kingdom: increasing complexity and emerging challenges.Health economics, policy, and law · 2024Article
- "Uninsurable because of a genetic test": a qualitative study of consumer views about the use of genetic test results in Australian life insurance.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Article
- On the determinants and the role of the payers in the uptake of genetic testing and data sharing in personalized health.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The persistent lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) more than a decade after passage.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2021Article
- A Narrative Review of Implementing Precision Oncology in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Emerging Countries.Oncology and therapy · 2021Review
- Risk-Stratified Approach to Breast Cancer Screening in Canada: Women's Knowledge of the Legislative Context and Concerns about Discrimination from Genetic and Other Predictive Health Data.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Study protocol: the Australian genetics and life insurance moratorium-monitoring the effectiveness and response (A-GLIMMER) project.BMC medical ethics · 2021Article
- Genetic testing and insurance implications: Surveying the US general population about discrimination concerns and knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA).Risk management and insurance review · 2021Article
- Massively Parallel Sequencing for Rare Genetic Disorders: Potential and Pitfalls.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Black Women's Confidence in the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers towards genetic testing across three rural Illinois communities.Journal of community genetics · 2019Article
- Cases in Precision Medicine: Concerns About Privacy and Discrimination After Genomic Sequencing.Annals of internal medicine · 2019Review
- What do people think about genetics? A systematic review.Journal of community genetics · 2019Review
- Disparities in gynecologic cancer genetics evaluation.Gynecologic oncology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To examine the awareness and attitudes about the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act in individuals who made contact with a Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome advocacy group. This is a descriptive study of individuals (n = 1,699) who were invited via email and advertisements to complete an online questionnaire available from August 2009 through December 2010. Response distributions of relevant subgroups were compared using cross tabulation and Chi-squared tests were used. The majority of respondents (69.2 %) had undergone genetic testing (n = 1,156) and 30.2 % had not. Of those who did not undergo genetic testing, the most common reason given for declining testing was cost (28.8 %), followed by concerns about insurance discrimination (19.5 %). More than half (60.5 %) were worried about health insurance discrimination when they first considered genetic testing and 28.6 % were worried about employment discrimination. Slightly more individuals were worried about health insurance discrimination if they had no prior knowledge of GINA. While "cost" was cited most frequently as the reason not to test, "fear of insurance discrimination" was the second most common reason. Knowledge of GINA among consumers is still limited and public education may help promote reduction in fear.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.