Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22890323›Full record

ArticleOncogene2013

Mer or Axl receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes apoptosis, blocks growth and enhances chemosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer.

R M A Linger, R A Cohen, C T Cummings, S Sather, J Migdall-Wilson, D H G Middleton, X Lu, A E Barón, W A Franklin, D T Merrick and 4 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Oncogene, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 217 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Recent advances in TAM mechanisms in lung diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2025
    Review
  6. Discovery of Novel TYRO3/MERTK Dual Inhibitors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Navigating TAM receptor dynamics in tumour immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. AXL signaling in cancer: from molecular insights to targeted therapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. MERTK Inhibition as a Targeted Novel Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

R M A LingerDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
R A Cohen
C T Cummings
S Sather
J Migdall-Wilson
D H G Middleton
X Lu
A E Barón
W A Franklin
D T Merrick
P Jedlicka
D DeRyckere
L E Heasley
D K Graham
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USDenver VA Medical Center · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · US

Funding

University of Colorado Cancer Center Support Grant - Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts with Autologous Human Immune SystemsP30CA046934 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI James V Degregori · 1988 to 2026
$117.0M
Tissue Bank and Biomarkers CoreP50CA058187 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI MILLER, YORK E · 1992 to 2018
$43.8M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM008497 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI WILSON, CARA C. · 1993 to 2022
$15.2M
UCHSC DIABETES ENDOCRINOLOGY RESEARCH CENTERP30DK057516 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HUTTON, JOHN C · 2000 to 2010
$14.0M
FGF-2 Autocrine Signaling in Lung CancerR01CA127105 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HEASLEY, LYNN E · 2008 to 2012
$1.6M
Novel Biologically Targeted Therapy Against the Mer and Axl Receptor Tyrosine KinR01CA137078 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI GRAHAM, DOUGLAS K · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS 5P50CA058187NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046934NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058187NCI NIH HHS R01 CA127105NCI NIH HHS R01 CA137078NCI NIH HHS R01CA137078NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK057516NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK57516NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008497
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and devastating disease that claims more lives than breast, prostate, colon and pancreatic cancers combined. Current research suggests that standard chemotherapy regimens have been optimized to maximal efficiency. Promising new treatment strategies involve novel agents targeting molecular aberrations present in subsets of NSCLC. We evaluated 88 human NSCLC tumors of diverse histology and identified Mer and Axl as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) overexpressed in 69% and 93%, respectively, of tumors relative to surrounding normal lung tissue. Mer and Axl were also frequently overexpressed and activated in NSCLC cell lines. Ligand-dependent Mer or Axl activation stimulated MAPK, AKT and FAK signaling pathways indicating roles for these RTKs in multiple oncogenic processes. In addition, we identified a novel pro-survival pathway-involving AKT, CREB, Bcl-xL, survivin, and Bcl-2-downstream of Mer, which is differentially modulated by Axl signaling. We demonstrated that short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of Mer or Axl significantly reduced NSCLC colony formation and growth of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Mer or Axl knockdown also improved in vitro NSCLC sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents by promoting apoptosis. When comparing the effects of Mer and Axl knockdown, Mer inhibition exhibited more complete blockade of tumor growth while Axl knockdown more robustly improved chemosensitivity. These results indicate that Mer and Axl have complementary and overlapping roles in NSCLC and suggest that treatment strategies targeting both RTKs may be more effective than singly-targeted agents. Our findings validate Mer and Axl as potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC and provide justification for development of novel therapeutic compounds that selectively inhibit Mer and/or Axl.

Indexed as

Cell ProliferationAnimalsApoptosisAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseBlotting, WesternCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lungc-Mer Tyrosine KinaseDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleGene Knockdown TechniquesHumansImmunoprecipitationLung NeoplasmsMaleMiceMiddle AgedAxl Receptor Tyrosine Kinasec-Mer Tyrosine KinaseMERTK protein, humanProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Identifiers

PMID22890323
PMCPMC3502700
OpenAlexW2089054568

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.