ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2012
Regulation of cortisol bioavailability--effects on hormone measurement and action.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04045015 (Effects of Liquorice on Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Liquorice on Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma cortisol-linked gene networks in hepatic and adipose tissues implicate corticosteroid-binding globulin in modulating tissue glucocorticoid action and cardiovascular risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Gender-specific differences in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2017Pooled it
- Estradiol Therapy After Menopause Mitigates Effects of Stress on Cortisol and Working Memory.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- A soy-based phosphatidylserine/ phosphatidic acid complex (PAS) normalizes the stress reactivity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis in chronically stressed male subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.Lipids in health and disease · 2014Trial
- A single glucocorticoid response element regulates sociability in a sex-specific manner.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Research progress on the mechanisms and intervention strategies of microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunction under heat stress.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- [Factors and conditions affecting transcortin production and function in blood plasma].Problemy endokrinologii · 2025Review
- Properdin, transcortin and HGFAC are novel plasma biomarkers in canine chronic inflammatory enteropathies from active disease to remission.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex and age differences in cortisol levels during glucagon stimulation test in children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- RCL glycosylation of serum corticosteroid-binding globulin: implications in cortisol delivery and septic shock.Glycobiology · 2025Article
- The NE/AAT/CBG axis regulates adipose tissue glucocorticoid exposure.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Basal Cortisol Levels Across Body Fluid Compartments in a Cross-sectional Study of Healthy Adults.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Current Challenges and Future Directions in the Assessment of Glucocorticoid Status.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- An Efficient Bio-Receptor Layer Combined with a Plasmonic Plastic Optical Fiber Probe for Cortisol Detection in Saliva.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Discovery of a Cushing's syndrome protein kinase A mutant that biases signaling through type I AKAPs.Science advances · 2024Article
- Klf9 plays a critical role in GR -dependent metabolic adaptations in cardiomyocytes.Cellular signalling · 2023Article
- Metabolomic Profiling of Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Young Females Using a Commercially Available LC-MS/MS Kit.Metabolites · 2023Article
- High salt intake activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, amplifies the stress response, and alters tissue glucocorticoid exposure in mice.Cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- The effect of acute exercise on the cortisol awakening response.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Potential Biomarkers to Distinguish Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Troponin-Elevated Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Routine assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis relies on the measurement of total serum cortisol levels. However, most cortisol in serum is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and albumin, and changes in the structure or circulating levels of binding proteins markedly affect measured total serum cortisol levels. Furthermore, high-affinity binding to CBG is predicted to affect the availability of cortisol for the glucocorticoid receptor. CBG is a substrate for activated neutrophil elastase, which cleaves the binding protein and results in the release of cortisol at sites of inflammation, enhancing its tissue-specific anti-inflammatory effects. Further tissue-specific modulation of cortisol availability is conferred by corticosteroid 11β-dehydrogenase. Direct assessment of tissue levels of bioavailable cortisol is not clinically practicable and measurement of total serum cortisol levels is of limited value in clinical conditions that alter prereceptor glucocorticoid bioavailability. Bioavailable cortisol can, however, be measured indirectly at systemic, extracellular tissue and cell levels, using novel techniques that have provided new insight into the transport, metabolism and biological action of glucocorticoids. A more physiologically informative approach is, therefore, now possible in the assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which could prove useful in clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.