ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2012
Targeting xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR for metabolic diseases.
Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between DDT or its byproducts and T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Nuclear receptor-mediated control of bile composition: implications for gallstone formation.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- Schisandrin B Targets PXR to Enhance Bile Acid Metabolism and Alleviate ANIT-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury via Dual Pathways.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Gut microbial metabolites of amino acids in liver diseases.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor in Macrophages Regulates Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Innate Immune Responses Against Endotoxemic Liver Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances of PXR in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Natural Product-Induced Modulation of Androstenone Metabolism in Porcine Hepatocytes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Bile acid regulation of xenobiotic nuclear receptors on the expressions of orosomucoids in the liver.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Bile acids and their receptors in hepatic immunity.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Constitutive androstane receptor, liver pathophysiology and chemical contaminants: current evidence and perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Proanthocyanidin B2 derived metabolites may be ligands for bile acid receptors S1PR2, PXR and CAR: anJournal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2024Article
- Pregnane X Receptor Activation in Liver Macrophages Protects against Endotoxin-Induced Liver Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Discovery of Novel Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor Agonists with the Imidazo[1,2-Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Atypical functions of xenobiotic receptors in lipid and glucose metabolism.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- PXR activation impairs hepatic glucose metabolism partlyActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Bile acid receptors and signaling crosstalk in the liver, gut and brain.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2021Review
- The xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in liver physiology, an update.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2021Review
- The Role of FGF19 and MALRD1 in Enterohepatic Bile Acid Signaling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are two closely related and liver-enriched nuclear hormone receptors originally defined as xenobiotic receptors. Recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that PXR and CAR also have endobiotic functions that impact glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. These new findings suggest that PXR and CAR not only regulate the transcription of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, but also orchestrate energy metabolism and immune responses to accommodate stresses caused by xenobiotic exposures. The effectiveness of targeting PXR and CAR in the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, have been suggested in animal models. However, translation of these basic research results into clinical applications may require further investigation to determine the human relevance, and to obtain better understanding of the mechanisms through which PXR and CAR affect energy metabolism. Given a wide variety of natural or synthetic compounds that are PXR and CAR modulators, it is hoped that these two 'xenobiotic receptors' can be harnessed for therapeutic potentials in managing metabolic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.