ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2012
Earthworms dilong: ancient, inexpensive, noncontroversial models may help clarify approaches to integrated medicine emphasizing neuroimmune systems.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of the Jingxin Zhidong Formula for Tic Disorders: A Randomized, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Controlled Trial.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Trial
- Peptides derived from exocrine secretions of venomous animals used as traditional Chinese "worm" medicines.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Identification of lysozyme in Venetin-1 nanoparticle from the coelomic fluid of the earthwormFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Leveraging Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Autophagy of Candida albicans cells after the action of earthworm Venetin-1 nanoparticle with protease inhibitor activity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Proteomic response of A549 lung cancer cell line to protein-polysaccharide complex Venetin-1 isolated from earthworm coelomic fluid.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Four new terrestrial earthworm species from the northeast Thailand (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae).ZooKeys · 2023Article
- Novel Venetin-1 nanoparticle from earthworm coelomic fluid as a promising agent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The assessment of the protective impact of spidroin extract against UV-A radiation damage by using earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) as a robust human skin model via macroscopic and histological observations.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Values of Earthworm Species Extract from Azad Kashmir as Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Agents.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2022Article
- Metabolic, structural, and proteomic changes in Candida albicans cells induced by the protein-carbohydrate fraction of Dendrobaena veneta coelomic fluid.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Traditional knowledge of invertebrates used for medicine and magical-religious purposes by traditional healers and indigenous populations in the Plateau Department, Republic of Benin.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine · 2019Article
- Anticancer Activity of Earthworm Powder (Lumbricus terrestris) Against MCF-7 and PC-3 Cancer Cell Lines.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2019Article
- Article
- Anti-inflammatory activities of Guang-Pheretima extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2018Article
- DNA Barcoding for the Identification and Authentication of Animal Species in Traditional Medicine.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Review
- Article
- Alzheimer Disease: Clues from traditional and complementary medicine.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2017Review
- Therapeutic arthropods and other, largely terrestrial, folk-medicinally important invertebrates: a comparative survey and review.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine · 2017Review
- Transient Expression of Lumbrokinase (PI239) in TobaccoEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Earthworms have provided ancient cultures with food and sources of medicinal cures. Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and practices in Japan, Vietnam, and Korea have focused first on earthworms as sources of food. Gradually fostering an approach to potential beneficial healing properties, there are renewed efforts through bioprospecting and evidence-based research to understand by means of rigorous investigations the mechanisms of action whether earthworms are used as food and/or as sources of potential medicinal products. Focusing on earthworms grew by serendipity from an extensive analysis of the earthworm's innate immune system. Their immune systems are replete with leukocytes and humoral products that exert credible health benefits. Their emerging functions with respect to evolution of innate immunity have long been superseded by their well-known ecological role in soil conservation. Earthworms as inexpensive, noncontroversial animal models (without ethical concerns) are not vectors of disease do not harbor parasites that threaten humans nor are they annoying pests. By recognizing their numerous ecological, environmental, and biomedical roles, substantiated by inexpensive and more comprehensive investigations, we will become more aware of their undiscovered beneficial properties.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.