ArticleImmunity2012
Galectin-1 deactivates classically activated microglia and protects from inflammation-induced neurodegeneration.
Article in Immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 356 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Galectin Levels and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of mouse transcriptomic studies supports a context-dependent astrocyte reaction in acute CNS injury versus neurodegeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Pooled it
- Hyperglycosylation is a metabolic driver of Alzheimer's disease.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Multi-omics identifies a VIM-associated microglial program linked to lactylation, ferroptosis, and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Hydrogen sulphide modifies the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an adjuvant-induced polyarthritis rat model through the mitigation of angiogenesis, ectopic lymphoid tissue formation, and osteoclastogenesis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- Integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptome data reveals age-related immune cell alterations in primary glioblastoma associated with prognosis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- The Plasminogen Activation System in the Central Nervous System: Implications for Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Human iPSC-Derived Mononuclear Phagocytes Improve Cognition and Neural Health across Multiple Mouse Models of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate primary sjogren's syndrome by modulating PD-1Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Glycosylation in neuroinflammation: mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Tumor glyco-immunology, glyco-immune checkpoints and immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Stromal-Like Cells and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Modulate Choroidal Sprouting Through Galectin-1-Dependent and Independent Pathways.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Sweet Aging: Glycocalyx and Galectins in CNS Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Mitochondrial Glycosylation in Neuroinflammation Models.Cells, tissues, organs · 2025Article
- Production of functional human galectin-1 in transplastomic tobacco and simplified recovery via batch-mode purification.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Secretome of the Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Influences the Behavior of Neural Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A proinflammatory stem cell niche drives myelofibrosis through a targetable galectin-1 axis.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Combination AAV therapy with galectin-1 and SOD1 downregulation demonstrates superior therapeutic effect in a severe ALS mouse model.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration occurs in the acute and the chronic phases of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Classically activated (M1) microglia are key players mediating this process. Here, we identified Galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, as a pivotal regulator of M1 microglial activation that targets the activation of p38MAPK-, CREB-, and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways and hierarchically suppresses downstream proinflammatory mediators, such as iNOS, TNF, and CCL2. Gal1 bound to core 2 O-glycans on CD45, favoring retention of this glycoprotein on the microglial cell surface and augmenting its phosphatase activity and inhibitory function. Gal1 was highly expressed in the acute phase of EAE, and its targeted deletion resulted in pronounced inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Adoptive transfer of Gal1-secreting astrocytes or administration of recombinant Gal1 suppressed EAE through mechanisms involving microglial deactivation. Thus, Gal1-glycan interactions are essential in tempering microglial activation, brain inflammation, and neurodegeneration, with critical therapeutic implications for MS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.