Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22883434›Full record

ArticleBiological psychiatry2013

Context-induced relapse to alcohol seeking after punishment in a rat model.

Nathan J Marchant, Thi N Khuc, Charles L Pickens, Antonello Bonci, Yavin Shaham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biological psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Brain Architecture of Punishment Learning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. The Effect of Serotonin 5-HTAddiction biology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Rats choose alcohol over social reward in an operant choice procedure.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Learning to stop responding.Behavioural processes · 2023
    Review
  20. Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nathan J MarchantIntramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA. Nathan.marchant@nih.gov
Thi N Khuc
Charles L Pickens
Antonello Bonci
Yavin Shaham
National Institute on Drug Abuse · US

Funding

Neurobiology Of Relapse To Opiate and Psychostimulant DrugsZIADA000434 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI SHAHAM, YAVIN · 2009 to 2025
$39.8M
Rodents with Genetic Differences in Alcohol PreferenceR24AA015512 · NIAAA · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI BELL, RICHARD LOWELL · 2005 to 2014
$5.1M
Rodents with Genetic Differences in Alcohol PreferenceU24AA015512 · NIAAA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI BELL, RICHARD LOWELL · 2015 to 2019
$2.7M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DA000434NIAAA NIH HHS R24 AA015512NIAAA NIH HHS U24 AA015512
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRat studies have demonstrated that exposure to environments associated with alcohol intake reinstates alcohol seeking after extinction of alcohol-reinforced responding in a different context. However, extinction is limited as an abstinence model, because humans typically abstain because of negative consequences associated with excessive drinking. It is currently unknown whether alcohol-associated contexts can provoke relapse to alcohol seeking after alcohol-taking behavior is suppressed by adverse consequences in a different context.

methodsAlcohol-preferring P rats were first given home-cage access to 20% ethanol. Next, they were trained to self-administer 20% ethanol in one context (context A). Subsequently, all rats continued to self-administer alcohol in a different context (context B). For one group, 50% of alcohol-reinforced responses were punished by mild footshock; two other groups either received noncontingent shocks or no shock. A fourth group was given extinction training in context B. All rats were then tested for relapse to alcohol seeking under extinction conditions in contexts A and B.

resultsIn Context B, alcohol-taking behavior was suppressed by contingent shock (punishment) and extinction training but not by noncontingent shock. In Context A, relapse to alcohol seeking was reliably observed in the punished and extinction groups; a context switch had no effect on alcohol seeking in the no-shock or noncontingent shock groups.

conclusionsOur data indicate that punishment-induced suppression of alcohol-taking behavior is context-dependent. We propose that our procedure can be used to explore mechanisms of context-induced relapse to alcohol seeking after alcohol-taking behavior is suppressed by adverse consequences.

Indexed as

PunishmentAnimalsConditioning, OperantCuesDrug-Seeking BehaviorElectroshockEthanolExtinction, PsychologicalMaleRatsRecurrenceReinforcement, PsychologyEthanol

Identifiers

PMID22883434
PMCPMC3517691
OpenAlexW2168601586

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.