Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2013
Randomized trial of the effectiveness of combined behavioral/pharmacological smoking cessation treatment in Syrian primary care clinics.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07013084 (Study on the Effect of Digital Smoking Cessation Education Intervention on Outpatients), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study on the Effect of Digital Smoking Cessation Education Intervention on Outpatients
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- The efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological monotherapies and e-cigarette on smoking cessation: a systemic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Cessation classification likelihood increases with higher expired-air carbon monoxide cutoffs: a meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Pooled it
- The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a new multi-component smoking cessation service package for patients with hypertension and diabetes in northern Thailand: a randomized controlled trial (ESCAPE study).Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2019Trial
- Smoking Cessation and Changes in Body Mass Index: Findings From the First Randomized Cessation Trial in a Low-Income Country Setting.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- Predictors of nicotine withdrawal symptoms: findings from the first randomized smoking cessation trial in a low-income country setting.International journal of public health · 2016Trial
- Predictors of adherence to pharmacological and behavioral treatment in a cessation trial among smokers in Aleppo, Syria.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- Behavioral cessation treatment of waterpipe smoking: The first pilot randomized controlled trial.Addictive behaviors · 2014Trial
- Fighting the Smoking Epidemic in Syria: First Online Course to Equip Health Professionals with Smoking Cessation Competencies.Addiction & health · 2026Article
- Article
- Tobacco cessation programs and factors associated with their effectiveness in the Middle East: A systematic review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Review
- Community-based physical activity as adjunctive smoking cessation treatment: Rationale, design, and baseline data for the Lifestyle Enhancement Program (LEAP) randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2018Article
- Sex Differences in Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Comparative Efficacy: A Network Meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Reflections on 15 Years in the Global Tobacco Trenches.Health behavior research · 2017Article
- Using Bayes factors for testing hypotheses about intervention effectiveness in addictions research.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Review
- Building Evidence-Based Tobacco Treatment in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Lessons Learned by the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies.Journal of smoking cessation · 2016Article
- Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: a review of efficacy, effectiveness and affordability for use in national guideline development.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsEffectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation has not been evaluated in low income countries, such as Syria, where it is expensive and not widely available. We evaluated whether nicotine patch boosts smoking cessation rates when used in conjunction with behavioral support in primary care clinics in Aleppo, Syria.
designTwo arm, parallel group, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded multi-site trial.
settingFour primary care clinics in Aleppo, Syria.
participantsTwo hundred and sixty-nine adult primary care patients received behavioral cessation counseling from a trained primary care physician and were randomized to receive six weeks of treatment with nicotine versus placebo patch. MEASUREMENTS: Primary end-points were prolonged abstinence (no smoking after a 2-week grace period) at end of treatment, and 6 and 12 months post-quit day, assessed by self-report and exhaled carbon monoxide levels of <10 p.p.m.
findingsTreatment adherence was excellent and nicotine patch produced expected reductions in urges to smoke and withdrawal symptoms, but no treatment effect was observed. The proportion of patients in the nicotine and placebo groups with prolonged abstinence was 21.6% and 20.0%, respectively, at end of treatment, 13.4% and 14.1% at 6 months, and 12.7% and 11.9% at 12 months.
conclusionsNicotine patches may not be effective in helping smokers in low-income countries to stop when given as an adjunct to behavioural support.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.