ArticleEnvironmental microbiology2012
Genomic determinants of sporulation in Bacilli and Clostridia: towards the minimal set of sporulation-specific genes.
Article in Environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers.
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Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Diversity of Bacteria.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2026Review
- Penicillin-binding proteins exhibit functional redundancy during asymmetric cell division inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Analysis of Proteome Dynamics in Early-Stage Sporulation-Inhibited Variants ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nitrogen-fixing microbes gain genes in diverse types of living environments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Complete genome sequence of theMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Reverse-Engineered Gas-Fermenting Acetogen Strains Recover Enhanced Phenotypes From Autotrophic Adaptive Laboratory Evolution.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Prediction of sporulating Firmicutes from uncultured gut microbiota using SpoMAG, an ensemble learning tool.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Combination of fluorescent reagents with 2-(4-aminophenyl) benzothiazole and safranin O was useful for analysis of spore structure, indicating the diversity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Visualization of Bacillus subtilis spore structure and germination using quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy.Microscopy (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Uncovering newMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Cleavage of an engulfment peptidoglycan hydrolase by a sporulation signature protease in Clostridioides difficile.Molecular microbiology · 2024Article
- Spores of Clostridioides difficile are toxin delivery vehicles.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The small acid-soluble proteins of spore-forming organisms: similarities and differences in function.Anaerobe · 2024Review
- The strength of gut microbiota transfer along social networks and genealogical lineages in the house mouse.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Complete genome sequence ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2024Article
- Review
- Clostridioides difficile Sporulation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Three classes of low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes), Bacilli, Clostridia and Negativicutes, include numerous members that are capable of producing heat-resistant endospores. Spore-forming firmicutes include many environmentally important organisms, such as insect pathogens and cellulose-degrading industrial strains, as well as human pathogens responsible for such diseases as anthrax, botulism, gas gangrene and tetanus. In the best-studied model organism Bacillus subtilis, sporulation involves over 500 genes, many of which are conserved among other bacilli and clostridia. This work aimed to define the genomic requirements for sporulation through an analysis of the presence of sporulation genes in various firmicutes, including those with smaller genomes than B. subtilis. Cultivable spore-formers were found to have genomes larger than 2300 kb and encompass over 2150 protein-coding genes of which 60 are orthologues of genes that are apparently essential for sporulation in B. subtilis. Clostridial spore-formers lack, among others, spoIIB, sda, spoVID and safA genes and have non-orthologous displacements of spoIIQ and spoIVFA, suggesting substantial differences between bacilli and clostridia in the engulfment and spore coat formation steps. Many B. subtilis sporulation genes, particularly those encoding small acid-soluble spore proteins and spore coat proteins, were found only in the family Bacillaceae, or even in a subset of Bacillus spp. Phylogenetic profiles of sporulation genes, compiled in this work, confirm the presence of a common sporulation gene core, but also illuminate the diversity of the sporulation processes within various lineages. These profiles should help further experimental studies of uncharacterized widespread sporulation genes, which would ultimately allow delineation of the minimal set(s) of sporulation-specific genes in Bacilli and Clostridia.
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