ReviewExpert review of clinical immunology2012
Photodynamic therapy induces an immune response against a bacterial pathogen.
Review in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Trial
- Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Triple-targeting nanosystems with synergistic effects on iron Trojan horse, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and photodynamic therapy specifically kill intracellular MRSA.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Insights on the Mechanical Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Particles and the Effects of the Photosensitizer Hypericin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Nanotherapeutics with immunoregulatory functions for the treatment of bacterial infection.Biomaterials research · 2023Review
- Combinations of Photodynamic Therapy with Other Minimally Invasive Therapeutic Technologies against Cancer and Microbial Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Novel Approach of Combining Methylene Blue Photodynamic Inactivation, Photobiomodulation and Oral Ingested Methylene Blue in COVID-19 Management: A Pilot Clinical Study with 12-Month Follow-Up.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Targeted protein oxidation using a chromophore-modified rapamycin analog.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Current Prospects for Treatment of Solid Tumors via Photodynamic, Photothermal, or Ionizing Radiation Therapies Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (A Review).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Current Strategies for Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Clinical and Biological Effects of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy in Refractory Periodontitis.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2019Article
- The Photomodulation Activity of Metformin Against Oral Microbiome.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2019Review
- Review
- Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.Journal of clinical and translational research · 2015Review
- Adjunctive Application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- Modulation of inflammatory response of wounds by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.Laser therapy · 2015Article
- T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity after photodynamic therapy: why does it not always work and how can we improve it?Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2015Article
- Selective photoinactivation of Candida albicans in the non-vertebrate host infection model Galleria mellonella.BMC microbiology · 2013Article
- [Photodynamic therapy of bladder cancer. A new option].Der Urologe. Ausg. A · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs the triple combination of photosensitizers, visible light and ambient oxygen. When PDT is used for cancer, it has been observed that both arms of the host immune system (innate and adaptive) are activated. When PDT is used for infectious disease, however, it has been assumed that the direct antimicrobial PDT effect dominates. Murine arthritis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the knee failed to respond to PDT with intravenously injected Photofrin(®). PDT with intra-articular Photofrin produced a biphasic dose response that killed bacteria without destroying host neutrophils. Methylene blue was the optimum photosensitizer to kill bacteria while preserving neutrophils. We used bioluminescence imaging to noninvasively monitor murine bacterial arthritis and found that PDT with intra-articular methylene blue was not only effective, but when used before infection, could protect the mice against a subsequent bacterial challenge. The data emphasize the importance of considering the host immune response in PDT for infectious disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.