ArticlePloS one2012
Intranasal immunization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles induces cross-protective immunity in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in tumor vaccine: characteristics, advancements, and future directions.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- RBD-displaying OMV nanovaccine boosts immunity against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Development of High-Production Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Inducing Mucosal Immunity Against Avian PathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Trivalent outer membrane vesicles-based combination vaccine candidate induces protective immunity against Campylobacter and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in adult mice.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- The activity of the quorum sensing regulator HapR is modulated by the bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEV)-associated protein ObfA of Vibrio cholerae.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Engineering Versatile Bacteria-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Adaptable Platform for Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as a Novel Vaccine Platform against SARS-CoV-2.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Insights into Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Functions, and Implications in Plant-Microbe Interactions.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Outer membrane vesicles as a platform for the discovery of antibodies to bacterial pathogens.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Protective potential of outer membrane vesicles derived from a virulent strain ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Role in Pathogenesis and Host-Cell Interactions.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Characterization of the Inflammatory Response Evoked by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Intestinal Cells Reveals an RIPK2-Dependent Activation by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vesicles.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- The Two Faces of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Robust Protocol to Isolate Outer Membrane Vesicles from NontypeableMethods and protocols · 2023Article
- Antigen-specific memory Th17 cells promote cross-protection against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae after mild influenza A virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Nanotechnology-based mRNA vaccines.Nature reviews. Methods primers · 2023Article
- Non-typeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative human-restricted bacterium that can act as a commensal and a pathogen of the respiratory tract. Especially nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) is a major threat to public health and is responsible for several infectious diseases in humans, such as pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media. Additionally, NTHi strains are highly associated with exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine against NTHi commercially available. Thus, this study investigated the utilization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a potential vaccine candidate against NTHi infections. We analyzed the immunogenic and protective properties of OMVs derived from various NTHi strains by means of nasopharyngeal immunization and colonization studies with BALB/c mice. The results presented herein demonstrate that an intranasal immunization with NTHi OMVs results in a robust and complex humoral and mucosal immune response. Immunoprecipitation revealed the most important immunogenic proteins, such as the heme utilization protein, protective surface antigen D15, heme binding protein A, and the outer membrane proteins P1, P2, P5 and P6. The induced immune response conferred not only protection against colonization with a homologous NTHi strain, which served as an OMV donor for the immunization mixtures, but also against a heterologous NTHi strain, whose OMVs were not part of the immunization mixtures. These findings indicate that OMVs derived from NTHi strains have a high potential to act as a vaccine against NTHi infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.