ArticlePloS one2012
Risk factors for campylobacteriosis of chicken, ruminant, and environmental origin: a combined case-control and source attribution analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission pathways and risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis: a source attribution meta-analysis of European case-control studies.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Pooled it
- A statistical modelling approach for source attribution meta-analysis of sporadic infection with foodborne pathogens.Zoonoses and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in African food animals and meat: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of food microbiology · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using multilocus sequence typing.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Sources of Human Campylobacteriosis Cases in Estonia and the Genomic Associations with Broiler Chicken Meat Isolates.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic insights and survival dynamics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Antibiotic resistance profile of Campylobacter species recovered from some freshwater milieu in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of culture-based methods for detectingMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Machine learning to attribute the source of Campylobacter infections in the United States: A retrospective analysis of national surveillance data.The Journal of infection · 2024Article
- Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Humans with Diarrhea and from Poultry, East Africa.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Campylobacter presence on Dutch broiler farms and associated risk factors.Poultry science · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Deciphering the Association betweenMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Environmental dynamics ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Whole-Genome and Plasmid Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni from Human Patients in Toyama, Japan, from 2015 to 2019.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria-A Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCampylobacteriosis contributes strongly to the disease burden of food-borne pathogens. Case-control studies are limited in attributing human infections to the different reservoirs because they can only trace back to the points of exposure, which may not point to the original reservoirs because of cross-contamination. Human Campylobacter infections can be attributed to specific reservoirs by estimating the extent of subtype sharing between strains from humans and reservoirs using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe investigated risk factors for human campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter strains attributed to different reservoirs. Sequence types (STs) were determined for 696 C. jejuni and 41 C. coli strains from endemic human cases included in a case-control study. The asymmetric island model, a population genetics approach for modeling Campylobacter evolution and transmission, attributed these cases to four putative animal reservoirs (chicken, cattle, sheep, pig) and to the environment (water, sand, wild birds) considered as a proxy for other unidentified reservoirs. Most cases were attributed to chicken (66%) and cattle (21%), identified as the main reservoirs in The Netherlands. Consuming chicken was a risk factor for campylobacteriosis caused by chicken-associated STs, whereas consuming beef and pork were protective. Risk factors for campylobacteriosis caused by ruminant-associated STs were contact with animals, barbecuing in non-urban areas, consumption of tripe, and never/seldom chicken consumption. Consuming game and swimming in a domestic swimming pool during springtime were risk factors for campylobacteriosis caused by environment-associated STs. Infections with chicken- and ruminant-associated STs were only partially explained by food-borne transmission; direct contact and environmental pathways were also important. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first case-control study in which risk factors for campylobacteriosis are investigated in relation to the attributed reservoirs based on MLST profiles. Combining epidemiological and source attribution data improved campylobacteriosis risk factor identification and characterization, generated hypotheses, and showed that genotype-based source attribution is epidemiologically sensible.
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