Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22876193›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2012

Variation of BMP3 contributes to dog breed skull diversity.

Jeffrey J Schoenebeck, Sarah A Hutchinson, Alexandra Byers, Holly C Beale, Blake Carrington, Daniel L Faden, Maud Rimbault, Brennan Decker, Jeffrey M Kidd, Raman Sood and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Genetic testing predicts appearance but not behavior in dogs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Copy-cat evolution: Divergence and convergence within and between cat and dog breeds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Whole exome sequencing as a screening tool in dogs: A pilot study.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Evolutionary mechanisms modulating the mammalian skull development.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Review

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Jeffrey J SchoenebeckCancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Sarah A Hutchinson
Alexandra Byers
Holly C Beale
Blake Carrington
Daniel L Faden
Maud Rimbault
Brennan Decker
Jeffrey M Kidd
Raman Sood
Adam R Boyko
John W Fondon
Robert K Wayne
Carlos D Bustamante
Brian Ciruna
Elaine A Ostrander
National Human Genome Research Institute · USCancer Genetics (United States) · USHospital for Sick Children · CAStanford Medicine · USNew York State College of Veterinary Medicine · USThe University of Texas at Arlington · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Comparative Mammalian GenomicsZIAHG200377 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI OSTRANDER, ELAINE · 2012 to 2025
$24.8M
NHGRI/DIR Zebrafish CoreZIGHG200351 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SOOD, RAMAN · 2010 to 2014
$3.9M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/D/20211553Howard Hughes Medical InstituteIntramural NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the beginnings of domestication, the craniofacial architecture of the domestic dog has morphed and radiated to human whims. By beginning to define the genetic underpinnings of breed skull shapes, we can elucidate mechanisms of morphological diversification while presenting a framework for understanding human cephalic disorders. Using intrabreed association mapping with museum specimen measurements, we show that skull shape is regulated by at least five quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Our detailed analysis using whole-genome sequencing uncovers a missense mutation in BMP3. Validation studies in zebrafish show that Bmp3 function in cranial development is ancient. Our study reveals the causal variant for a canine QTL contributing to a major morphologic trait.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationQuantitative Trait LociAnimalsBiological EvolutionBone Morphogenetic Protein 3BreedingChromosome MappingCraniosynostosesDogsGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansMutation, MissensePetsPhenotypeSkullBone Morphogenetic Protein 3

Identifiers

PMID22876193
PMCPMC3410846
OpenAlexW2083194102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.