ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Prolonged persistence of measles virus RNA is characteristic of primary infection dynamics.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Wastewater Surveillance to Track Resurgent Measles Outbreak, Ontario, Canada, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Implications of RNA virus persistence for post-acute sequelae and chronic inflammatory syndromes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Periodic shifts in viral load increase risk of Hendra virus spillover fromScience advances · 2026Article
- Three paradoxical paradigms of measles virus.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy in Rhesus Macaques of a Novel Recombinant Hemagglutinin Protein Measles Virus Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Environmental stress drives clearance of a persistent enteric virus in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Pathological Alterations in Human Blood Microbiome-An Updated Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling mediates shedding of measles virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Strategic latency with temporal mutualism: a coevolutionary model of the host-varicella-zoster virus relationship.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- What's going on with measles?Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Measles Infection Dose Responses: Insights from Mathematical Modeling.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- Broad and Durable Humoral Responses Following Single Hydrogel Immunization of SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Characterizing infection of B cells with wild-type and vaccine strains of measles virus.iScience · 2023Article
- Effect of remdesivir post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment on pathogenesis of measles in rhesus macaques.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Respiratory viruses: New frontiers-a Keystone Symposia report.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Prolonged persistence of canine distemper virus RNA, and virus isolation in naturally infected shelter dogs.PloS one · 2023Article
- Why does viral RNA sometimes persist after recovery from acute infections?PLoS biology · 2022Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) is the poster child for acute infection followed by lifelong immunity. However, recent work shows the presence of MeV RNA in multiple sites for up to 3 mo after infection in a proportion of infected children. Here, we use experimental infection of rhesus macaques to show that prolonged RNA presence is characteristic of primary infection. We found that viral RNA persisted in the blood, respiratory tract, or lymph nodes four to five times longer than the infectious virus and that the clearance of MeV RNA from blood happened in three phases: rapid decline coincident with clearance of infectious virus, a rebound phase with increases up to 10-fold, and a phase of slow decrease to undetectable levels. To examine the effect of individual host immune factors on MeV load dynamics further, we developed a mathematical model that expressed viral replication and elimination in terms of the strength of MeV-specific T-cell responses, antibody responses, target cell limitations, and immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Based on the model, we demonstrate that viral dynamics, although initially regulated by T cells, require antibody to eliminate viral RNA. These results have profound consequences for our view of acute viral infections, the development of prolonged immunity, and, potentially, viral evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.