ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2012
Reevaluation of epidemiological data demonstrates that it is consistent with cross-immunity among human papillomavirus types.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing human papillomavirus prevalences in women with normal cytology or invasive cervical cancer to rank genotypes according to their oncogenic potential: a meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Pooled it
- Initial different human papillomavirus infection statuses and subsequent infection risk: a decade-long longitudinal study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Ten-year evaluation of HPV vaccine influence on non-vaccine-type-related cervical infections and precancers in Chinese females: follow-up from a randomized control trial.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Article
- Review
- Vaccine-induced strain replacement: theory and real-life implications.Future microbiology · 2024Review
- High Prevalence of HPV 51 in an Unvaccinated Population and Implications for HPV Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Concurrent Infection With Multiple Human Papillomavirus Types Among Unvaccinated and Vaccinated 17-Year-Old Norwegian Girls.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Human Papillomavirus Genotype Replacement: Still Too Early to Tell?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Untangling the dynamics of persistence and colonization in microbial communities.The ISME journal · 2019Article
- Capturing multiple-type interactions into practical predictors of type replacement following human papillomavirus vaccination.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Recurring infection with ecologically distinct HPV types can explain high prevalence and diversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Bias Due to Correlation Between Times-at-Risk for Infection in Epidemiologic Studies Measuring Biological Interactions Between Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Case Study Using Human Papillomavirus Type Interactions.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- National- and state-level impact and cost-effectiveness of nonavalent HPV vaccination in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Could the human papillomavirus vaccines drive virulence evolution?Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2015Article
- Dynamics of high-risk nonvaccine human papillomavirus types after actual vaccination scheme.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2014Article
- Article
- Reduction in HPV 16/18 prevalence in sexually active young women following the introduction of HPV immunisation in England.Vaccine · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe degree of cross-immunity between human papillomavirus (HPV) types is fundamental both to the epidemiological dynamics of HPV and to the impact of HPV vaccination. Epidemiological data on HPV infections has been repeatedly interpreted as inconsistent with cross-immunity.
methodsWe reevaluate the epidemiological data using a model to determine the odds ratios of multiple to single infections expected in the presence or absence of cross-immunity. We simulate a virtual longitudinal survey to determine the effect cross-immunity has on the prevalence of multiple infections. We calibrate our model to epidemiological data and estimate the extent of type replacement following vaccination against specific HPV types.
resultsWe find that cross-immunity can produce odds ratios of infection comparable with epidemiological observations. We show that the sample sizes underlying existing surveys have been insufficient to identify even intense cross-immunity. We also find that the removal of HPV type 16, type 18, and types 6 and 11 would increase the prevalence of nontargeted types by 50%, 29%, and 183%, respectively.
conclusionsCross-immunity between HPV types is consistent with epidemiological data, contrary to previous interpretations. Cross-immunity may cause significant type replacement following vaccination, and therefore should be considered in future vaccine studies and epidemiological models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.