ArticleJournal of clinical pathology2012
Sanger sequencing in routine KRAS testing: a review of 1720 cases from a pathologist's perspective.
Article in Journal of clinical pathology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of KRAS G12C Mutation and Co-mutations and Associated Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review.The oncologist · 2023Pooled it
- Technical feasibility of a long read, fourth generation sequencing platform in diagnostic profiling of clinical routine samples: a proof-of-concept study.Pathologica · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of RAS Mutations in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- KRAS mutations detection methodology: from RFLP to CRISPR/Cas based methods.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Review
- Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization of high-grade gastro-entero-pancreatic neoplasms.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- The ideal reporting ofPathologica · 2023Review
- Combining the amplification refractory mutation system and high-resolution melting analysis for KRAS mutation detection in clinical samples.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Association of RAS Mutation Location and Oncologic Outcomes After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Article
- A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Describing the Prevalence ofGastroenterology research · 2020Article
- "Squirrel" Primer-Based PCR Assay for Direct and Targeted Sanger Sequencing of Short Genomic Segments.Journal of biomolecular techniques : JBT · 2017Article
- Current companion diagnostics in advanced colorectal cancer; getting a bigger and better piece of the pie.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSanger sequencing (SS) of PCR products is still the most frequent method to test colorectal cancer for KRAS mutations in routine practice.
methodsAn audit of SS on 1720 routine cases was carried out, taking into account age, gender, specimen type (resection vs biopsies), tumour site (primary vs metastasis), tumour stage, neoplastic cells abundance (>30% vs <30%) and fixation type (buffered formalin vs simple formalin). In a subset of 50 wild-type (WT) patients correlations between SS findings and response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also evaluated.
resultsThe tests were informative in 1691 cases (98.3%). Mutations were detected in 671 cases (39.6%). No significant differences in mutation rates were observed with respect to age (p=0.2), gender (p=0.2), specimen type (p=0.3) and formalin fixation (p=0.08). Conversely, KRAS mutant rate was higher in metastatic tissue (50% vs 39%, p=0.02), in samples with over 30% of neoplastic cells (43.4% vs 26.6%, p=0.02) and in tumours tested in stage IV (p=0.05). The RR of SS KRAS WT patients was 26% (one complete and 12 partial responses). The disease control rate (objective responses plus stable disease) was 56%. Median PFS was 4.4 months and median OS was 10.4 months.
conclusionsPathological criteria that make SS a more robust method for KRAS testing and treatment response prediction are neoplastic cell abundance, metastatic tissue sample and stage IV primary tumour.
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Registered trials
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