ReviewCritical care (London, England)2012
Endotoxemia and mortality prediction in ICU and other settings: underlying risk and co-detection of gram negative bacteremia are confounders.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Phenotype-based appropriateness of IGM-enriched polyclonal immunoglobulin use in critical illness: report of an expert consensus.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Review
- Trends in ICU mortality and underlying risk over three decades among mechanically ventilated patients. A group level analysis of cohorts from infection prevention studies.Annals of intensive care · 2023Review
- Interaction between Lipopolysaccharide and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Effect of Food Endotoxin on Infant Health.Toxins · 2021Review
- Rescuing the Last-Line Polymyxins: Achievements and Challenges.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Review
- Early use of endotoxin absorption by oXiris in abdominal septic shock: A case report.Medicine · 2020Article
- Plasma Endotoxin Levels Are Not Increased inThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Extension of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Time-Kill Studies To Include Lipopolysaccharide/Endotoxin Release from Escherichia coli Exposed to Cefuroxime.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Mapping the Multi-Organ miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in LPS-Mediated Endotoxemic Mice: Exploring the Shared Underlying Key Genes and Mechanisms.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Anti-endotoxin Properties of Polymyxin B-immobilized Fibers.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Modulation of Innate Immunity by G-CSF and Inflammatory Response by LBPK95A Improves the Outcome of Sepsis in a Rat Model.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 Attenuates Gut Translocation-Induced Bacterial Sepsis in Murine Models of Leaky Gut.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- ANGPTL8 negatively regulates NF-κB activation by facilitating selective autophagic degradation of IKKγ.Nature communications · 2017Article
- History and current status of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column for treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2017Review
- Comparative Study of Plasma Endotoxin with Procalcitonin Levels in Diagnosis of Bacteremia in Intensive Care Unit Patients.Chinese medical journal · 2016Article
- Towards clinical applications of anti-endotoxin antibodies; a re-appraisal of the disconnect.Toxins · 2013Review
- Prognostic value of endotoxemia in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia is bacterial species dependent.Journal of innate immunity · 2013Article
- Exploration of autonomic regulation reflecting on pathophysiological change of sepsis: a prospective observational study.Acute medicine & surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe interdependence between endotoxemia, gram negative (GN) bacteremia and mortality has been extensively studied. Underlying patient risk and GN bacteremia types are possible confounders of the relationship.
methodsPublished studies with ≥ 10 patients in either ICU or non-ICU settings, endotoxemia detection by limulus assay, reporting mortality proportions and ≥ 1 GN bacteremia were included. Summary odds ratios (OR) for mortality were derived across all studies by meta-analysis for the following contrasts: sub-groups with either endotoxemia (group three), GN bacteremia (group two) or both (group one) each versus the group with neither detected (group four; reference group). The mortality proportion for group four is the proxy measure of study level risk within L'Abbé plots.
resultsThirty-five studies were found. Among nine studies in an ICU setting, the OR for mortality was borderline (OR <2) or non-significantly increased for groups two (GN bacteremia alone) and three (endotoxemia alone) and patient group one (GN bacteremia and endotoxemia co-detected) each versus patient group four (neither endotoxemia nor GN bacteremia detected). The ORs were markedly higher for group one versus group four (OR 6.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4 -to 11.0 when derived from non-ICU studies. The distributions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteremias among groups one versus two are significantly unequal.
conclusionsThe co-detection of GN bacteremia and endotoxemia is predictive of increased mortality risk versus the detection of neither but only in studies undertaken in a non-ICU setting. Variation in GN bacteremia species types and underlying risk are likely unrecognized confounders in the individual studies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.