ArticleDrugs of the future2011
GAD65 autoantibodies and its role as biomarker of Type 1 diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA).
Article in Drugs of the future, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Childhood Diabetes Research in the Middle East Region.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Restoration of gamma-aminobutyric acid homeostasis: A novel approach to alleviating central nervous system injury-associated immunodepression syndrome.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Peripheral GABA Signaling in Metabolic Adaptation and Maladaptation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Proteomic Changes in Patients with LADA-Type Diabetes: Prospects for Diagnostic Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Classification ofJCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Genomic Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease in United States Hispanic Participants: An Ancestry-Focused Study.Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Phenotypic Correlations of GAD65 and ZnT8 Autoantibodies in Young-Onset Diabetes: A Pilot Study in a Tertiary Centre in Bangladesh.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- New-onset drug-resistant epilepsy in type 1 diabetes mellitus patient following COVID-19 vaccination: suspicious for autoimmune pathogenesis.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related type 1 diabetes mellitus with closely monitored dynamics of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels before and after disease onset.Diabetology international · 2025Article
- GAD antibodies in neurological disease: a critical evaluation of the utility and treatment implications of GAD antibodies in clinical practice.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Observational study protocol: the faecal microbiome in the acute stage of new-onset paediatric type 1 diabetes in an Irish cohort.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Detection of Glutamate Decarboxylase Antibodies and Simultaneous Multi-Molecular Translocation Exploration by Glass Nanopores.Biosensors · 2024Article
- A new perspective of frozen shoulder pathology; the interplay between the brain and the immune system.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Unveiling Diabetes: Categories, Genetics, Diagnostics, Treatments, and Future Horizons.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
- The role of islet autoantigen-specific T cells in the onset and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- HLA-DR3 mediated CD4 T cell response against GAD65 in type 1 diabetes patients.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Article
- NovelFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- The relationship between GAD65 autoantibody and the risk of T1DM onset.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of autoimmune diabetes is the presence of adaptive responses directed to neuroendocrine proteins. One of these proteins is glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). While GAD is widely distributed in neuroendocrine tissues, its specific significance in diabetes has paralleled the advances in understanding humoral and cellular immunity in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in a subset of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), going from the seminal discoveries of islet autoantibodies to the development and standardization of bioassays as diagnostic tools, to studies on the structure of GAD and its antigenic determinants. GAD65 autoantibodies can accurately predict T1D development in combination with other surrogate humoral biomarkers and they are considered the most sensitive and specific biomarker which identifies a subset of clinically diagnosed T2D termed Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). We and others provided evidence indicating that GAD65 autoantibody detection should be part of the diagnostic assessment for clinically diagnosed T2DM mainly because it predicts the rate of progression to insulin requirement in patients affected by LADA. More recently GAD has been used as a "tolerogenic vaccine" to preserve beta cell function in autoimmune diabetes. While the results of Phase III clinical trials did not substantiate the earlier promise of Phase I and II trials, there are still many unanswered questions and approaches that need to be investigated in the applications of GAD in the therapy of T1D and LADA.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.