ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Rapid divergence and expansion of the X chromosome in papaya.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extensive Recombination Suppression and Genetic Degeneration of a Young ZW Sex Chromosome System in Halfbeak Fish.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The dynamic regulatory network of stamens and pistils in papaya.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Evolution of plant sex and molecular mechanisms underlying plants sex separation.Forestry research · 2023Review
- Gene regulation network analyses of pistil development in papaya.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Salix dunnii reveals a male-heterogametic sex determination system on chromosome 7.Molecular ecology resources · 2021Article
- Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Fundamentally different repetitive element composition of sex chromosomes in Rumex acetosa.Annals of botany · 2021Article
- An efficient RNA-seq-based segregation analysis identifies the sex chromosomes ofGenome research · 2020Article
- The development of functional mapping by three sex-related loci on the third whorl of different sex types of Carica papaya L.PloS one · 2018Article
- Genomic Loss and Silencing on the Y Chromosomes of Rumex.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Review
- The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Dosage Compensation in Plants.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Extremely low nucleotide diversity in the X-linked region of papaya caused by a strong selective sweep.Genome biology · 2016Article
- Review
- Rapid Y degeneration and dosage compensation in plant sex chromosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Impact of repetitive DNA on sex chromosome evolution in plants.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2015Article
- A polymorphic pseudoautosomal boundary in the Carica papaya sex chromosomes.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2015Article
- The Evolutionary Tempo of Sex Chromosome Degradation in Carica papaya.Journal of molecular evolution · 2015Article
- Construction of a high density SNP linkage map of kelp (Saccharina japonica) by sequencing Taq I site associated DNA and mapping of a sex determining locus.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Flower development, pollen fertility and sex expression analyses of three sexual phenotypes of Coccinia grandis.BMC plant biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
X chromosomes have long been thought to conserve the structure and gene content of the ancestral autosome from which the sex chromosomes evolved. We compared the recently evolved papaya sex chromosomes with a homologous autosome of a close relative, the monoecious Vasconcellea monoica, to infer changes since recombination stopped between the papaya sex chromosomes. We sequenced 12 V. monoica bacterial artificial chromosomes, 11 corresponding to the papaya X-specific region, and 1 to a papaya autosomal region. The combined V. monoica X-orthologous sequences are much shorter (1.10 Mb) than the corresponding papaya region (2.56 Mb). Given that the V. monoica genome is 41% larger than that of papaya, this finding suggests considerable expansion of the papaya X; expansion is supported by a higher repetitive sequence content of the X compared with the papaya autosomal sequence. The alignable regions include 27 transcript-encoding sequences, only 6 of which are functional X/V. monoica gene pairs. Sequence divergence from the V. monoica orthologs is almost identical for papaya X and Y alleles; the Carica-Vasconcellea split therefore occurred before the papaya sex chromosomes stopped recombining, making V. monoica a suitable outgroup for inferring changes in papaya sex chromosomes. The papaya X and the hermaphrodite-specific region of the Y(h) chromosome and V. monoica have all gained and lost genes, including a surprising amount of changes in the X.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.