ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Viroid RNA redirects host DNA ligase 1 to act as an RNA ligase.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Integrative GWAS and transcriptomic analyses reveal markers and candidate genes associated with resistance toHorticulture research · 2026Article
- Derailing the host machinery to achieve replication: how viroid and viroid-like RNAs successfully copy their genomes in hostile territory.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Hop Stunt Viroid Expression and Host Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Diversity and evolution of viroids and viroid-like agents with circular RNA genomes revealed by metatranscriptome mining.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- DNA Ligase I Circularises Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid RNA in a Biomolecular Condensate.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Article
- Eggplant latent viroid is located in the chloroplasts and nuclei of eggplant infected cells.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Understanding viroids, endogenous circular RNAs, and viroid-like RNAs in the context of biogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Viroid Replication, Movement, and the Host Factors Involved.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- New Insights into Hop Latent Viroid Detection, Infectivity, Host Range, and Transmission.Viruses · 2023Article
- Cellular roadmaps of viroid infection.Trends in microbiology · 2023Review
- Small Heat Shock Protein (sHsp22.98) fromViruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Viroids: Non-Coding Circular RNAs Able to Autonomously Replicate and Infect Higher Plants.Biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Viroids and Viroid-like Circular RNAs: Do They Descend from Primordial Replicators?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- ViroidDB: a database of viroids and viroid-like circular RNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Viroid RNAs.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- A scenario for the emergence of protoviroids in the RNA world and for their further evolution into viroids and viroid-like RNAs by modular recombinations and mutations.Virus evolution · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viroids are a unique class of noncoding RNAs: composed of only a circular, single-stranded molecule of 246-401 nt, they manage to replicate, move, circumvent host defenses, and frequently induce disease in higher plants. Viroids replicate through an RNA-to-RNA rolling-circle mechanism consisting of transcription of oligomeric viroid RNA intermediates, cleavage to unit-length strands, and circularization. Though the host RNA polymerase II (redirected to accept RNA templates) mediates RNA synthesis and a type-III RNase presumably cleavage of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and closely related members of the family Pospiviroidae, the host enzyme catalyzing the final circularization step, has remained elusive. In this study we propose that PSTVd subverts host DNA ligase 1, converting it to an RNA ligase, for the final step. To support this hypothesis, we show that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) DNA ligase 1 specifically and efficiently catalyzes circularization of the genuine PSTVd monomeric linear replication intermediate opened at position G95-G96 and containing 5'-phosphomonoester and 3'-hydroxyl terminal groups. Moreover, we also show a decreased PSTVd accumulation and a reduced ratio of monomeric circular to total monomeric PSTVd forms in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin plants in which the endogenous DNA ligase 1 was silenced. Thus, in a remarkable example of parasitic strategy, viroids reprogram for their replication the template and substrate specificity of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a DNA ligase to act as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA ligase, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.