ReviewDie Naturwissenschaften2012
The proboscis extension reflex to evaluate learning and memory in honeybees (Apis mellifera): some caveats.
Review in Die Naturwissenschaften, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Buzzed but not elated? Effect of ethanol on cognitive judgement bias in honeybees.Animal cognition · 2026Article
- A Bumblebee-Inspired Spatial Memory Navigation Framework for Robotic Odor Source Localization.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing spinosad effect on honey bee olfactory conditioning using a microcontroller-based device.Frontiers in insect science · 2026Article
- Habituation but not classical conditioning of the disturbance hiss of the hissing cockroach (PeerJ · 2025Article
- Article
- Differential Brain Expression Patterns of microRNAs Related to Olfactory Performance in Honey Bees (Genes · 2023Article
- Article
- Effects of larval exposure to the insecticide flumethrin on the development of honeybee (Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2019Review
- Acute exposure to diesel exhaust induces central nervous system stress and altered learning and memory in honey bees.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Olfactory Proboscis Extension Response in the Honey Bee: A Laboratory Exercise in Classical Conditioning.Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Bumblebees require visual pollen stimuli to initiate and multimodal stimuli to complete a full behavioral sequence in close-range flower orientation.Ecology and evolution · 2017Article
- Effects of Nosema apis, N. ceranae, and coinfections on honey bee (Apis mellifera) learning and memory.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Field populations of native Indian honey bees from pesticide intensive agricultural landscape show signs of impaired olfaction.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Rapid learning dynamics in individual honeybees during classical conditioning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The proboscis extension reflex (PER) is widely used in a classical conditioning (Pavlovian) context to evaluate learning and memory of a variety of insect species. The literature is particularly prodigious for honeybees (Apis mellifera) with more than a thousand publications. Imagination appears to be the only limit to the types of challenges to which researchers subject honeybees, including all the sensory modalities and a broad diversity of environmental treatments. Accordingly, some remarkable insights have been achieved using PER. However, there are several challenges to evaluating the PER literature that warrant a careful and thorough review. We assess here variation in methods that makes interpretation of studies, even those researching the same question, tenuous. We suggest that the numerous variables that might influence experimental outcomes from PER be thoroughly detailed by researchers. Moreover, the influence of individual variables on results needs to carefully evaluated, as well as among two or more variables. Our intent is to encourage investigation of the influence of numerous variables on PER results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22869163What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.