ArticleArchives of general psychiatry2012
Birth cohort effects on adolescent alcohol use: the influence of social norms from 1976 to 2007.
Article in Archives of general psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clustering of health-related behaviours within children aged 11-16: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Randomized effectiveness trial of a parent and youth combined intervention on the substance use norms of Latino middle school students.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Neighborhood-Level Drinking Norms and Alcohol Intervention Outcomes in HIV Patients Who Are Heavy Drinkers.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Trial
- Changing Latino Adolescents' Substance Use Norms and Behaviors: the Effects of Synchronized Youth and Parent Drug Use Prevention Interventions.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2016Trial
- Examining Secular Changes in Health Risk Behavior Profiles and Their Associations With Mental Distress During Adolescence.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Polygenic Risk for Substance Use Disorders as Predictors of Substance Use Initiation Among African American Youth.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Alcohol use among populations with autism spectrum disorder: narrative systematic review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- Links between adolescent binge drinking and midlife alcohol use behaviors by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Heavy episodic drinking in adolescence and alcohol-related problems in adulthood: A developmental approach to alcohol use across the life course.Development and psychopathology · 2024Article
- Modeling to explore and challenge inherent assumptions when cultural norms have changed: a case study on left-handedness and life expectancy.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Young people's explanations for the decline in youth drinking in England.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Can Social Norms Explain Long-Term Trends in Alcohol Use? Insights from Inverse Generative Social Science.Journal of artificial societies and social simulation : JASSS · 2023Article
- A cross-national comparison of the linkages between family structure histories and early adolescent substance use.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Alcohol Use in the United States in the 20th and 21st Centuries: Implications for the Coming Decades.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2022Article
- Associations of Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy With Psychiatric Disorders in Offspring During the First 4 Decades of Life in a Population-Based Danish Birth Cohort.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Forecasting future prevalence and gender differences in binge drinking among young adults through 2040.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use and misuse in autistic adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Article
- The contemporary transformation of american youth: An analysis of change in the prevalence of delinquency, 1991-2015.Criminology : an interdisciplinary journal · 2021Article
- Trends in U.S. women's binge drinking in middle adulthood by socioeconomic status, 2006-2018.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The Normative Underpinnings of Population-Level Alcohol Use: An Individual-Level Simulation Model.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CONTEXT The substantial changes in adolescent alcohol use prevalence over time suggest that population-level environmental factors are important determinants of use, yet the potential influence of such environmental factors is inadequately understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether adolescents in birth cohorts and/or time periods characterized by restrictive social norms toward alcohol were at decreased risk for alcohol use and binge drinking, controlling for individual attitudes (disapproval) toward use. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In 32 annual national surveys of US high school students, a total of 967 562 students contributed outcome data from 1976 through 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of past-year alcohol use and any instance of binge drinking (≥5 drinks) in the past 2 weeks, analyzed using multilevel models clustering individuals within periods and birth cohorts. Period- and cohort-specific social norm scores (indicating the proportion disapproving of weekend binge drinking) were modeled as predictors, controlling for individual attitudes and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Individuals who matured in birth cohorts with more restrictive social norms were less likely to use alcohol compared with individuals who matured in cohorts with more permissive norms; each 5% increase in the cohort-specific disapproval was associated with a 12% decrease in the odds of past-year alcohol use (odds ratio = 0.88; 99% CI, 0.87-0.89). The effects of cohort-specific disapproval were notably stronger among white adolescents than nonwhite adolescents. CONCLUSIONS This study documents the importance of considering time-varying population-level risk factors in the study of adolescent alcohol use and indicates that, even after an individual's personal attitudes are accounted for, risk is shaped by cohort effects whereby the norms within the cohort contribute to the risk of adolescent alcohol use.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.