ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Hemophagocytic macrophages in murine typhoid fever have an anti-inflammatory phenotype.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host-microbiota-pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
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- A nitrite-responsive regulatory RNA locus sustains commensal resilience against nitrosative stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- SPIC-dependent erythrophagocytic macrophages drive granuloma formation and pathogen persistence during intracellular bacterial infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genetically engineered probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 enhances protection against Salmonella via increased adhesion and systemic T-cell responses.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibiotic-recalcitrant Salmonella during infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Salmonella Typhimurium exploits host polyamines for assembly of the type 3 secretion machinery.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Murine Models of Secondary Cytokine Storm Syndromes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Inflammatory Monocytes Promote Granuloma-Mediated Control of Persistent Salmonella Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Salmonella finds a way: Metabolic versatility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in diverse host environments.PLoS pathogens · 2020Review
- Article
- Salmonella Effector SteE Converts the Mammalian Serine/Threonine Kinase GSK3 into a Tyrosine Kinase to Direct Macrophage Polarization.Cell host & microbe · 2020Article
- Molecular Mechanisms ofInfection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- Persistent Infection and Long-Term Carriage of Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonellae.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Malaria Parasite-Mediated Alteration of Macrophage Function and Increased Iron Availability Predispose to Disseminated Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Modulation of Iron Metabolism in Response to Infection: Twists for All Tastes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Dysbiosis-Associated Change in Host Metabolism Generates Lactate to Support Salmonella Growth.Cell host & microbe · 2018Article
- HIF1A is a critical downstream mediator for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Haematologica · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Histiocytes are white blood cells of the monocytic lineage and include macrophages and dendritic cells. In patients with a variety of infectious and noninfectious inflammatory disorders, histiocytes can engulf nonapoptotic leukocytes and nonsenescent erythrocytes and thus become hemophagocytes. We report here the identification and characterization of splenic hemophagocytes in a natural model of murine typhoid fever. The development of a flow-cytometric method allowed us to identify hemophagocytes based on their greater than 6N (termed 6N+) DNA content. Characterization of the 6N+ population from infected mice showed that these cells consist primarily of macrophages rather than dendritic cells and contain T lymphocytes, consistent with hemophagocytosis. Most 6N+ macrophages from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected mice contain intact DNA, consistent with hemophagocytosis. In contrast, most 6N+ macrophages from control mice or mice infected with a different bacterial pathogen, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, contain damaged DNA. Finally, 6N+ splenic macrophages from S. Typhimurium-infected mice express markers consistent with an anti-inflammatory M2 activation state rather than a classical M1 activation state. We conclude that macrophages are the predominant splenic hemophagocyte in this disease model but not in Y. pseudotuberculosis-infected mice. The anti-inflammatory phenotype of hemophagocytic macrophages suggests that these cells contribute to the shift from acute to chronic infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.