ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2012
Association of bactericidal activity of genital tract secretions with Escherichia coli colonization in pregnancy.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soluble Immune Mediators and Vaginal Bacteria Impact Innate Genital Mucosal Antimicrobial Activity in Young Women.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Trial
- Phase I randomized safety study of twice daily dosing of acidform vaginal gel: candidate antimicrobial contraceptive.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Cervicovaginal Secretions in Young Women With Bacterial Vaginosis Enhance HIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pilot Study on the Effect of Patient Condition and Clinical Parameters on Hypoxia-Induced Factor Expression:International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Defensins: defenders of human reproductive health.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Differences in Vaginal Microbiota, Host Transcriptome, and Proteins in Women With Bacterial Vaginosis Are Associated With Metronidazole Treatment Response.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Composition of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy in women living in sub-Saharan Africa: a PRISMA-compliant review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Review
- Human β-defensin-3 participates in intra-amniotic host defense in women with labor at term, spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes, and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2020Article
- Risk Factors for Very Preterm Births in French Guiana: The Burden of Induced Preterm Birth.AJP reports · 2019Article
- Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection.PloS one · 2019Article
- Impact of maternal nutrition in pregnancy and lactation on offspring gut microbial composition and function.Gut microbes · 2016Review
- Strengths and Limitations of Model Systems for the Study of Urinary Tract Infections and Related Pathologies.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Review
- Loss of Innate Host Defense Following Unprotected Vaginal Sex.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Article
- Activity of Genital Tract Secretions and Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides against Group B Streptococcus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Article
- Innate Antibacterial Activity in Female Genital Tract Secretions Is Associated with Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Cross-Sectional Analysis of Selected Genital Tract Immunological Markers and Molecular Vaginal Microbiota in Sub-Saharan African Women, with Relevance to HIV Risk and Prevention.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Vaginitis in pregnancy is related to adverse perinatal outcome.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2015Article
- Article
- Plasma and mucosal HIV viral loads are associated with genital tract inflammation in HIV-infected women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGenital tract secretions exhibit bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli. We hypothesized that this defense may be modulated during pregnancy. STUDY
designSecretions were collected by vaginal swab from 70 pregnant women (35-37 weeks' gestation) and 35 nonpregnant controls. We mixed E coli with swab eluants or control buffer and colonies enumerated to measure bactericidal activity. Cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides were quantified by multiplex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsPregnant women had significantly greater bactericidal activity, higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, and lower levels of beta defensins compared to controls. Seven (10%) pregnant and 8 (23%) nonpregnant women were vaginally colonized with E coli; colonization was inversely associated with bactericidal activity.
conclusionThe soluble mucosal immune environment is altered in pregnancy. We speculate that the observed changes may protect against colonization and ascending infection and could provide a biomarker to identify pregnant women at risk for infectious complications including preterm birth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.