ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Increased penicillin production in Penicillium chrysogenum production strains via balanced overexpression of isopenicillin N acyltransferase.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing the power of abiotic inducers to enhance fungal secondary metabolite production: a review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Article
- Characterization of two 1,3-β-glucan-modifying enzymes from Penicillium sumatraense reveals new insights into 1,3-β-glucan metabolism of fungal saprotrophs.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2022Article
- Review
- Biosynthetic process and strain improvement approaches for industrial penicillin production.Biotechnology letters · 2022Review
- Article
- Promoter exchange of the cryptic nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene for oligopeptide production in Aspergillus oryzae.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Nonribosomal peptide synthetases and their biotechnological potential in Penicillium rubens.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2021Review
- CRISPR-based transcriptional activation tool for silent genes in filamentous fungi.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Identification of a conserved N-terminal domain in the first module of ACV synthetases.MicrobiologyOpen · 2021Article
- Comparative genomics of Alexander Fleming's original Penicillium isolate (IMI 15378) reveals sequence divergence of penicillin synthesis genes.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Biosynthetic Incorporation of Site-Specific Isotopes in β-Lactam Antibiotics Enables Biophysical Studies.ACS chemical biology · 2020Article
- Synthetic control devices for gene regulation in Penicillium chrysogenum.Microbial cell factories · 2019Article
- Deregulation of secondary metabolism in a histone deacetylase mutant of Penicillium chrysogenum.MicrobiologyOpen · 2018Article
- Inducible promoters and functional genomic approaches for the genetic engineering of filamentous fungi.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2018Review
- Engineering of the Filamentous FungusFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Three Principles of Diversity-Generating Biosynthesis.Accounts of chemical research · 2017Article
- Genome-based exploration of the specialized metabolic capacities of the genus Rhodococcus.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- A Tet-on and Cre-loxP Based Genetic Engineering System for Convenient Recycling of Selection Markers in Penicillium oxalicum.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Strategies for mining fungal natural products.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intense classical strain improvement has yielded industrial Penicillium chrysogenum strains that produce high titers of penicillin. These strains contain multiple copies of the penicillin biosynthesis cluster encoding the three key enzymes: δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (ACVS), isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), and isopenicillin N acyltransferase (IAT). The phenylacetic acid coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (PCL) gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the activation of the side chain precursor phenylacetic acid is localized elsewhere in the genome in a single copy. Since the protein level of IAT already saturates at low cluster copy numbers, IAT might catalyze a limiting step in high-yielding strains. Here, we show that penicillin production in high-yielding strains can be further improved by the overexpression of IAT while at very high levels of IAT the precursor 6-aminopenicillic acid (6-APA) accumulates. Overproduction of PCL only marginally stimulates penicillin production. These data demonstrate that in high-yielding strains IAT is the limiting factor and that this limitation can be alleviated by a balanced overproduction of this enzyme.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.